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--- home_server:home_server_setup:kvm [2022-10-01 Sat wk39 21:25] – [Mount a qcow2 image directly] baumkp
+++ home_server:home_server_setup:kvm [2024-02-18 Sun wk07 18:08] – [Change the Disk Allocated Size] baumkp
@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
   *[[https://linuxhint.com/install_kvm_debian_10/|Installing KVM on Debian 10]]
   *[[https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-install-kvm-virtualization-on-debian/|How To Install KVM Hypervisor on Debian 11|10]]
-Basically to install the KVM Hypervisor: ''sudo apt install qemu qemu-kvm qemu-system qemu-utils libvirt-clients libvirt-daemon-system virtinst bridge-utils'' bridge-utils is optional.
+  *[[https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/install-kvm-server-debian-linux-9-headless-server/|How to install KVM server on Debian 9/10 Headless Server]]
+Basically to install the KVM Hypervisor: ''sudo apt install qemu-kvm qemu-system qemu-utils libvirt-clients libvirt-daemon-system virtinst bridge-utils'' bridge-utils is optional.
+  *''genisoimage'' is a package to create iso images
+  *''libguestfs-tools'' is a library to access and modify VM disk images
+  *''libosinfo-bin'' is a library with guest operating systems information to assist VM creation
 Use the built-in clone facility: ''sudo virt-clone %%--%%connect=qemu:%%//%%example.com/system -o this-vm -n that-vm %%--%%auto-clone''.
@@ Line 44: / Line 49: @@
 ====Windows10 on KVM====
+I have not used Windows on a VM now since circa 2021.  Just no need.  I do have a dual boot on my main desk top that I default to Debian testing and can boot to Windows 11 when I need to use Windows based software.  My sons all still use Windows exclusively on their computers and game consoles..... So I still have a family MSOffice 365 subscription.  This give access to MSoffice and 1TB of MS Cloud each.
 I had poor performance on Windows 7, 8/8.1, and 10 running on KVM a few years back.  A large frustration was that I could not seem to get more than 2 CPUs functioning on the Windows VM even though I assigned 4.  Performance was very poor, with CPU usage usually saturated with any use and relatively high even when idle.  I found out early that Windows has limitations on the number of CPUs that could be used; 1 on Home, 2 on professional and 4 on Workstation and more on Server versions, at least that was my understanding.  As I did not have a great need for the Windows VM I did not try too hard and basically did not use.
@@ Line 66: / Line 72: @@
     - Create a snapshot of the VM and direct all changes to the snapshot allowing safe backup of main VM file
     - Active back commit the snapshot and verify back commit worked
+====KVM Offline Backup====
+<fc #ff0000>Note this only works on VMs that are shut down</fc>
+  -''sudo virsh list --all'' to list all KVM virtual machines.
+  -''%%sudo virsh dumpxml VM_name | grep -i "source file"%%'' to list the VM source file location noted in the VM XML file.
+  -''sudo virsh dumpxml vm-name > /path/to/xm_file.xml'' to archive/backup the VM XML definition file.
+  -''sudo cp -p /working/path/VM_image.qcow2 /path/to/'' to archive/move the VM file.
+  -''%%sudo virsh undefine vm-name --remove-all-storage%%'' to undefine the VM and remove its storage. <color #ed1c24>(Be careful with this one!)</color>
+  -''sudo virsh define --file <path-to-xml-file>'' to import (define) a VM from an XML file.
+References:
+  *[[https://ostechnix.com/export-import-kvm-virtual-machines-linux/|How To Export And Import KVM Virtual Machines In Linux]]
 ====kvm back-up links====
   *[[https://schh.medium.com/backup-and-restore-kvm-vms-21c049e707c1|Backup and Restore KVM Vms]]
@@ Line 105: / Line 124: @@
 How to change the amount of disk space assigned to a KVM  *[[https://fatmin.com/2016/12/20/how-to-resize-a-qcow2-image-and-filesystem-with-virt-resize/|How to Resize a qcow2 Image and Filesystem with Virt-Resize]]
   *First turn off the virtual machine to be checked
-  *Next find the file location of the firtual machine to be checked
+  *Next find the file location of the virtual machine to be checked
     *Next query the file: ''sudo qemu-img info /path_vm/vm_name.img''
     *Next increase the allowed size of the vm disk: ''sudo qemu-img resize /path_vm/vm_name.img +20G''
     *We need to make a backup of the VM disk: ''sudo cp /path_vm/vm_name.img /path_vm/vm_name_backup.img''
+    *We can check the file system on the VM: ''%%virt-filesystems --long -h --all -a /path_vm/vm_name.img%%'', <fc #ff0000>we can also use this to confirm the correct partition to expand</fc>.
+    *We the backup VM disk to create a new expanded drive: ''%%sudo virt-resize --expand /dev/sda1 /path_vm/vm_name_backup.img /path_vm/vm_name.img%%''
+The ''virt-filesystems'' command may not be installed by default and can be installed with the following ''sudo apt install guestfs-tools''
 [[https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-extend-increase-kvm-virtual-machine-disk-size/|How To extend/increase KVM Virtual Machine (VM) disk size]]
@@ Line 143: / Line 166: @@
 ++++
 ====Mount a qcow2 image directly====
-The nbd (network block device) kernel module needs to be loaded to mount qcow2 images. ''sudo modprobe nbd max_part=8'' will load it with support for 8 block devices. (If more blocks are required use 16, 32 or 64 as required.)
+To check if already installed or not: ''%%sudo apt list --installed | grep qemu-utils%%''
-Check VMs ''%%sudo virsh list --all%%''.  If the VM to be mounted is active shutdown with ''sudo virsh shutdown <domain-name or ID>''. Use ''sudo virsh domblklist <domain-name>'' to get the path to the VM image file. Use ''ls -l /dev/nbd*'' to check if any devices named nbd have already been defined. Use ''sudo qemu-nbd -c /dev/nbd0 <image.qcow2>'' to create the block devices on the VM. Use ''sudo partprobe /dev/nbd0'' to update teh kernal device list. Use ''ls -l /dev/nbd0*'' to see available partitions on image. If the image partitions are not managed by LVM they can be mounted directly. If a mount point does not already exist, create: ''sudo mkdir /mnt/image''.  The device can then be mounted ''sudo mount /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt/image'' or ''sudo mount -r /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt/image'' to mount read only or ''sudo mount -rw /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt/image'' to mount explicitly read-write.
+To install ''sudo apt install qemu-utils''
+The nbd (network block device) kernel module needs to be loaded to mount qcow2 images.
+  *''sudo modprobe nbd max_part=16'' will load it with support for 8 block devices. (If more blocks are required use 16, 32 or 64 as required.)
+  *Check VMs ''%%sudo virsh list --all%%''.
+    *If the VM to be mounted is active shutdown with ''sudo virsh shutdown <domain-name or ID>''.
+  *Use ''sudo virsh domblklist <domain-name>'' to get the full path and file name to the VM image file.
+  *Use ''ls -l /dev/nbd*'' to check if any devices named nbd have already been defined.
+  *Use ''sudo qemu-nbd -c /dev/nbd0 <image.qcow2>'' to create the block devices on the VM.
+  *''sudo fdisk /dev/nbd0 -l'' will list the available partitions in /dev/nbd0.
+  *Use ''sudo partprobe /dev/nbd0'' to update the kernel device list.
+  *Use ''ls -l /dev/nbd0*'' to see available partitions on image.
+  *If the image partitions are not managed by LVM they can be mounted directly.
+  *If a mount point does not already exist, create: ''sudo mkdir /mnt/image''.
+  *The device can then be mounted ''sudo mount /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt/image'' or ''sudo mount -r /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt/image'' to mount read only or ''sudo mount -rw /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt/image'' to mount explicitly read-write.
-When complete clean-up with the following commands.  Unmount the block device with ''sudo umount /mnt/image'' and delete the network block device with ''sudo qemu-nbd -d /dev/nbd0''.
+When complete clean-up with the following commands.
-If required the VM can be restarted with ''sudo virsh start <domain-name>''
+  *Unmount the block device with ''sudo umount /mnt/image''
+  *Delete the network block device with ''sudo qemu-nbd -d /dev/nbd0''.
+  *If required the VM can be restarted with ''sudo virsh start <domain-name>''
+===Mount a qcow2 image with LVM===
+Links:
+  *[[https://docs.openstack.org/image-guide/modify-images.html|Modify images]]
+  *[[https://medium.com/@aysadx/linux-nbd-introduction-to-linux-network-block-devices-143365f1901b|linux NBD: Introduction to Linux Network Block Devices]]
+  *[[http://alexeytorkhov.blogspot.com/2009/09/mounting-raw-and-qcow2-vm-disk-images.html|Mounting raw and qcow2 VM disk images]]
+  *[[https://www.xmodulo.com/mount-qcow2-disk-image-linux.html|How to mount qcow2 disk image on Linux]]
 =====KVM Guest Corrupted - Recovery Options and Related=====