https://wiki.kptree.net/ 2026-04-24T12:05:48+00:00 https://wiki.kptree.net/ https://wiki.kptree.net/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=wiki:dokuwiki.svg text/html 2023-12-26T03:39:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:systemd&rev=1703561958&do=diff systemd systemctl timer timers journalctl linux debian setup customise customisation systemd Stuff * How to create systemd service unit in Linux * Set systemd service to execute after fstab mount * DigitalOcean Tutorials systemd: * How To Use Systemctl to Manage Systemd Services and Units * Understanding Systemd Units and Unit Files * How To Use Journalctl to View and Manipulate Systemd Logs * Systemd Essentials: Working with Services, Units, and the Journal * NFS mount vi… text/html 2026-04-14T13:03:49+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-compose&rev=1776171829&do=diff linux docker compose docker-compose docker_compose container network Docker-Compose * Docker Docs Compose specification, The Compose Specification Some commands: * docker-compose pull, it would seem this is required to ensure the latest image(s) is downloaded * docker-compose up -d --build --force-recreate * -d run as deamon (in background) * --build on required if the compose includes building an image text/html 2023-05-13T02:20:29+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:nut&rev=1683944429&do=diff linux debian nut ups server NUT (Network UPS Tools) Setup I purchased my current main UPS the Powershield Commander RT PSCRT1100 / Voltronic Power Otima II 1.1K in 2014 and setup NUT about this time, including early conversion to systemd scripts. I notice the Techno Tim Network UPS Tools (NUT) Ultimate Guide late 2022 has a perhaps more modern take on this. text/html 2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:media_vm_setup&rev=1682847793&do=diff deluge torrent server openvpn btguard nftables iptables systemd virtual machine linux ubuntu KPTree Torrent VM Setup Deluge Headless setup The main reference used is Havetheknowhow.com, specifically for the deluge headless setup, Havetheknowhow.com - How to install Deluge Headless. The Deluge support page is also a root source of knowledge Deluge systemd. Whatbox Deluge also has some interesting dialog. If installing on a virtual machine (VM) it is important to also have set up the NFS to al… text/html 2025-08-17T00:27:04+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:network_setup&rev=1755390424&do=diff network interface netplan nic setup loopback eth ethernet bridge bond networkd linux debian setup command Network Setup Most server have more than one network connection although one is technically enough. Routers by definition need to have a minimum of at least 2 network connections. It would seem that Debian Linux supports multiple methods to define network connections: text/html 2025-10-14T05:59:15+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:misc&rev=1760421555&do=diff linux router monitor links darkstat glances ntopng iftop nethogs Router Miscellaneous Monitoring There are a number of linux monitoring packages available. See these links for more examples see, 13 Linux Performance Monitoring Tools – Part 2, and 30 Linux System Monitoring Tools Every SysAdmin Should Know. Below are a few that I have tried and use. iftop iftop - display bandwidth usage on an interface by host Use text/html 2025-11-30T10:55:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:network&rev=1764500119&do=diff linux debian ubuntu router network netplan interface vlan ipv6 ip Debian Server Network Setup Debian Network - Server Interface Setup As of Debian 10 (Buster) Debian still by default uses this interface Setup. It can be setup to use netplan inface. Ubuntu (as of version 14.04) defaults to Predictable Network Interface Names, also see Systemd Docs. I have no problem with this. In any case, you should always check dev names and not assume names, such as text/html 2025-05-18T07:27:42+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:ipmi_console&rev=1747553262&do=diff linux bmc grub ipmi console redirection cli IPMI Console Setup I have 3 computers from Supermicro with BMC and IPMI. The Supermicro provided utility program IPMIView is good, but the iKVM console redirection facility is woefully unreliable and also seems to be poorly documented! (Probably because it is based upon Java.) Interestingly this utility program is provided for Windows and Linux, and is even available in Manjaro AUR repositories. (This probably actually makes sense as many Supermic… text/html 2026-02-15T00:27:57+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:init&rev=1771115277&do=diff alpine linux docker init s6 s6-rc alias Docker init Systems There are a number of init systems used on docker containers, many are the defaults that ship with the standard Linux distributions, e.g. systemd which is particularly popular on the larger comprehensive distributions. tldr; There is a lot of argument in the init world, SystemD seems to have taken over the init system in most text/html 2025-08-16T11:39:12+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-mailserver&rev=1755344352&do=diff linux docker mail mailserver alpine dovecot postfix sqlite s6 s6-rc Docker mailserver This mailserver setup follows Workaround's SPmail guide for Debian 12 “Bookworm”. Key changes are that instead of installing on Debian 12 virtual machine1, with a Maria mysql database2, this setup is for installation on latest Alpine linux Docker image with s6-rc init using maria database. I toyed with sqlite and basically got it functional, however the support apps do not function with sqlite, so I went ba… text/html 2025-11-14T14:12:45+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:ntp&rev=1763129565&do=diff ntp I remember looking at this circa 2016 - 2021 and letting go at that time, crony had just been released and systemd was still relatively new at that time. systemd commands * sudo systemctl status systemd-timesyncd * The default configuration is shown in text/html 2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:nftables_control&rev=1682847793&do=diff linux nft nftables nmap NFTables IP Control I primarily set this feature up to act as a form of parental control on my home internet access. Disable Range of IP addresses, with count-down timer The DHCP assigned addresses in the range 100 - 254 were to be disabled (dropped) in the evening. The addresses below 100 were assigned a specific IP address in the DHCP based upon MAC. text/html 2024-09-21T12:10:33+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:ppp&rev=1726920633&do=diff linux router pppoe pppoed isp mtu dns dhcp ISP PPPoE Network Setup A reasonably comprehensive discussion on Ubuntu forums Setup Ubuntu Server as a router using a PPPoE connection, MTU and TCP MSS when using PPPoE. Also from Ubuntu forums How to Optimize your Internet Connection using MTU and RWIN. Ubuntu documentation ADSLPPPoE. PPPD manual page. Another reference is Confirm Blog Using PPPoE on Linux. Some other references: * Connecting to NBN HFC with a linux router] Internode router set… text/html 2025-09-29T05:35:59+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:misc&rev=1759124159&do=diff linux dmesg command systemd journal journalctl tzdata timezone apt upgrade update install remove crontab man apropos tldr ip tc systemctl journalctl pbcopy pbpaste copy paste Commonly used commands and scripts dmesg sudo dmesg lists the OS boot messages between grub and os up. sudo dmesg --level=emerg,alert,crit,err,warn,notice,debug give a more succinct list of focus potential problem issues. * emerg - system is unusable text/html 2024-12-07T03:13:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:web_server_setup&rev=1733541215&do=diff linux debian apache apache2 httpd web server php certbot letsencrypt nextcloud cloud vm virtual machine kvm proxy reverse proxy gid uid vipw vigr group id user id Web Server setup Basic Web Server setup on VM I am moving away from Ubuntu to Debian. I find the instruction for here are good to setup a basic web server Digitalocean's LAMP on Debian 11 and Computing for Geeks LAMP on Debian. Old, tl;dr; The main reference used is Unixmen - How To Install LAMP Stack On Ubuntu 16.04, for the bas… text/html 2025-03-02T07:31:20+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:nftables&rev=1740900680&do=diff linux router nftables firewall NFTables Configuration The best reference for nftables is at the dedicated wiki wiki nftables. Some other references I found nftables router. The reference at stosb is good, but not for a router Explaining My Configs: nftables. Nftables Cheatsheet After a lot of experimenting the following is my NFTables router configuration file. Create the following file called: text/html 2025-01-05T03:25:59+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:fileshare&rev=1736047559&do=diff linux docker file_sharing share sharing syncthing privatebin File Sharing All the applications have pro and cons. This is listed at the beginning of each header. There have been considered 3 different levels of access as described by the applications used: * Nextcloud - a full privately hosted publicly accessible file shareing application, with many additional features text/html 2026-02-03T11:50:32+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:disk&rev=1770119432&do=diff linux debian nfs parted fstab format partion disk mount umount fstab unmount Linux Block Device Notes Linux Disk Partition and Format Notes Some basic tools * ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/ will list the disks with UUIDs * lsblk to list partitions (or list block devices) * lsblk -f or blkid to list the UUIDs * sudo blkid will list data blocks text/html 2024-12-06T11:35:56+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:diun-ntfy&rev=1733484956&do=diff linux docker diun ntfy Docker - diun & ntfy ntfy is a notification application and server frame work. It has an iOS client and can also use standard web page and Andiod app. I originally considered gotify however there is not iOS application for this notification system, which basically makes it of less value for me. text/html 2025-11-09T00:31:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:nginx-php-notes&rev=1762648276&do=diff linux docker nginx php fast-cgi php-fpm Docker nginx / php notes nginx executable I had some trouble getting nginx with php-fpm to operate. So I tried to get working a simple setup to nut-out the nuances. I got it working using php-fpm socket with Apline Linux on 2 Docker instances, one running Nginx and the other php-fpm. text/html 2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:calibre_server&rev=1682847793&do=diff linux calibre server ebook Calibre Server Calibre is a comprehensive book library package. I had the server running on my Ubuntu 14.04 system about 5 years ago. From memory the Calibre web interface was a bit unpolished, however some of my phone apps could access the library for easier book access. text/html 2026-01-17T01:03:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker&rev=1768611790&do=diff linux docker cli installation network volume iptables nftables portainer Docker Docker is a set of platform as a service (PaaS) products that use OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called _containers_. The service has both free and premium tiers. The software that hosts the containers is called Docker Engine text/html 2026-02-15T00:37:24+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-dns&rev=1771115844&do=diff linux docker dns bind9 Docker - DNS Server What Is DNS and How Does It Work – A Comprehensive Guide I have been using Bind9 as my home LAN DNS for the past few years. I originally operated it on bare metal on my home router computer. In mid 2023 I successfully moved my Bind9 primary instance to my main home server in a container and created a slave instance in a container running on my home router computer. I created a Docker Bind9 Image using base Docker Alpine Linux images, with S6 init s… text/html 2024-03-24T08:01:21+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:email_server&rev=1711267281&do=diff linux mail server email postfix dovecot emailserver debian ubuntu horde postfixadmin admin clamav apache roundcube webmail certbot certificate KPTree - Email Server Setup Email Server Notes Setting up the email server on my home server was probably the most difficult task. Email server setup is intricate, risky and involves significant commitment and effort to setup reliably and maintain. text/html 2025-01-04T10:36:56+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:ipoe&rev=1735987016&do=diff linux router bridged modem isp ipoe mtu dns dhcp ISP IPoE DHCP Setup Notes Notes on Setting up a Linux router for IPoE DHCP. old, tldr; After a few years of reasonable successful use of bridged VDSL modem with Linux Router running pppoe and nftables my ISP informed me that they do not use authentication on the connection with username and password. In fact they mention they used dhcp IPoE as well as PPPoE. I set up my spare modem as they described and it worked straight way. When I tried my… text/html 2025-05-24T13:09:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:wireguard&rev=1748092165&do=diff linux router vpn wireguard docker qr_code qr Wireguard VPN access from WAN to LAN I use a Docker instance for my Wireguard server now. I use 2 forms of vpn (virtual private network) on my home server. * VPN to gain remote secure private access to my home LAN from the WAN (internet). This is the one I am describing here. text/html 2025-01-03T00:55:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:back-up_server_old&rev=1735865746&do=diff linux debian backup lvm filesystem server nfs mount showmount Back-up Server Old Setup This has been more difficult than I would have thought. I have used rsnapshot the past couple of years (2020-21), but have never really been happy with it for many reasons. The main reason is that it has never worked well, the rsync is reasonably fast, but the rsnapshot takes far too long. Other problems include; difficulties in set-up, and concerns will reliability. Recently I noticed that Debian no longer … text/html 2026-01-25T13:50:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=sidebar&rev=1769349025&do=diff Administration Welcome/Home Personal * Personal Thoughts and Beliefs (Private) * Localisations * KPTree Recipes * Home Sprinkler Setup Notes * KPTree - Home Desktop Setup Home Server Setup * Home Server Notes * My Home IT Setup * Network Setup * KVM Setup * VNC Server * fsck - file system check * Home Server Index Home Server Other VM Setups * Home Server other VMs Index * KPTree - Email Server Setup * KPTree Torrent VM Setup * KPTree - Home Desktop Setup * dokuwiki setup… text/html 2024-12-15T03:35:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:dns_dhcp&rev=1734233746&do=diff linux router dns dhcp bind ip ipv6 radvd host dig nslookup DHCP / DNS Setup Outdated I have moved my DNS and DHCP servers to Docker, Docker-DNS Server. I am still using ISC_Bind9, but am now using ISC_Kea for DHCP as ISC_Bind is no longer supported as of 2022. tl;dr; Further to this I am not looking at backups for both these services on my local area network. Whilst these services worked reliably well, when ever I shutdown the the router with text/html 2025-08-10T12:30:03+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=tech_notes:pikvm&rev=1754829003&do=diff linux kvm ipmi pikvm bmc PiKVM I purchased a PiKVM kit in 2021, and got it operational at that time. I did not need to use it until recently, 2024-09. Basically a special 'hat' is mounted on a standard Raspberry Pi 4, the smallest memory unit type being sufficient (2 GB). The kit was complete with all the required parts, such as the hat, Raspberry PI, a case, small OLED display and various cables. The PiKVM is V3 HAT with RPi V4 2GB. text/html 2025-05-20T04:48:08+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:vnc_setup&rev=1747716488&do=diff linux server debian vnc setup vncserver tigervnc gnome xfce VNC Server This section is a bit of a mess and needs a clean up..... I want a simple server GUI VNC system. Sadly most the instructions on the net do not seem to meet my needs. * Install a GUI * A light desktop system, e.g. xfce * The x11 windows manager system text/html 2025-11-22T03:58:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:bash&rev=1763783897&do=diff linux bash alias tar bash_aliases configure configuration bashrc command script bashrc history sudo visudo dimmer ps kill nightmode xrandr tar archive default_editor editor BASH Customisation The standard BASH colour configuration uses a blue colour for listing directories (ls) which is difficult to read on a black background. While this is the “standard colour”, due to the impracticality I have decided to change it. text/html 2024-02-28T10:11:04+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:index&rev=1709115064&do=diff Home Server Index Home Server Other Index some CLI tools: * homebrew actual runs on Linux as package manager * fuzzy finder - fzf Prev Start page Next text/html 2023-12-26T03:30:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:logrotate&rev=1703561446&do=diff linux debian log rotate logrotate cron crontab logrotate There are a number of ways to rotate logs. * Using a script and cron (or systemd.timer) * Using logrotate Logrotate using script edit the sudo crontab sudo crontab -e: Example of job definition: # .---------------- minute (0 - 59) # | .------------- hour (0 - 23) # | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31) # | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ... # | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tu… text/html 2025-04-06T07:41:58+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:manjaro&rev=1743925318&do=diff linux manjaro arch archlinux vuescan flatpak davfs cups printing print Manjaro Setup Notes I tried Manjaro circa 2019 for a couple of years as my main Linux Desktop. I had no major problems with it. An occasional minor problem this nVidia graphic card and some minor issues with updates. Having used Debian / Ubuntu the past 10 years on servers I decided to switch to Debian testing desk top with XFCE. Debian testing basically give a similar level of latest updates as Manjaro/Arch. I have not … text/html 2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:samba&rev=1682847793&do=diff linux samba samba I have not look at samba much since I first attempted to set up my home sever circa 2011 on Fedora before I moved to Ubuntu. I stopped using Fedora as I had noob pain with Selinux, coupled with the short service life of Fedora, so I moved to Ubuntu, where I had a lot more success. text/html 2025-01-10T03:55:11+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:symlinks&rev=1736481311&do=diff simlinks ln linux setup command Simlinks A symlink is a soft or hard link to a directory location to another directory location or file. It effectively allows a directory tree (soft link only) to be made for different non-structured directory locations, even across partitions. It allows configuration file control by having current configuration file pointing to different version or use type configuration files, depending on use case. text/html 2024-03-24T06:04:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:vim&rev=1711260280&do=diff vim neovim command linux debian text editor setup customise customisation cheatsheet VIM Editor When using sudo vim consider sudo -E. The -E flag to retain the user environment variables for vim. VIM Customisation ~/.vimrc colorscheme desert set nocompatible syntax on set number relativenumber set autoindent expandtab tabstop=2 shiftwidth=2 filetype plugin on filetype indent on set cursorline set cursorcolumn set shiftwidth=2 set tabstop=2 set expandtab