https://wiki.kptree.net/ 2026-06-04T18:56:10+00:00 https://wiki.kptree.net/ https://wiki.kptree.net/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=wiki:dokuwiki.svg text/html 2026-01-31T14:34:43+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:rsync&rev=1769870083&do=diff rsync backup linux debian rsnapshot Rsync These are my rsync notes. I also used to use rsnapshot, however I was unhappy with the performance of this application and moved to restic. The original rsnapshot notes have been rolled up and moved to the bottom of this page. Rsync Notes Main rsync command usage summary text/html 2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:conky&rev=1682847793&do=diff conkey linux debian manjaro setup monitor Conky Conky is a Linux system monitor tool using X Windows. Conky is highly configurable and is able to monitor many system variables including the status of the CPU, memory, swap space, disk storage, temperatures, processes, network interfaces, battery power, system messages, e-mail in-boxes Linux updates, runs many popular music players, and much more. Unlike system monitors that use high-level widget tool-kits to render their information, Conky i… text/html 2025-08-16T11:39:12+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-mailserver&rev=1755344352&do=diff linux docker mail mailserver alpine dovecot postfix sqlite s6 s6-rc Docker mailserver This mailserver setup follows Workaround's SPmail guide for Debian 12 “Bookworm”. Key changes are that instead of installing on Debian 12 virtual machine1, with a Maria mysql database2, this setup is for installation on latest Alpine linux Docker image with s6-rc init using maria database. I toyed with sqlite and basically got it functional, however the support apps do not function with sqlite, so I went ba… text/html 2025-11-09T00:31:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:nginx-php-notes&rev=1762648276&do=diff linux docker nginx php fast-cgi php-fpm Docker nginx / php notes nginx executable I had some trouble getting nginx with php-fpm to operate. So I tried to get working a simple setup to nut-out the nuances. I got it working using php-fpm socket with Apline Linux on 2 Docker instances, one running Nginx and the other php-fpm. text/html 2024-06-23T01:11:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:netfilter&rev=1719105097&do=diff linux router mtu netfilter Basic Netfilter Function Block Diagram Both NFTables and IPTables use the Netfilter framework provided in the Linux kernal. NFtables was implemented to supersede IPTables, which due to the widespread use of IPTables, will probably take a long time. The following is a basic block diagram of the Netfilter Filter and NAT (Network Address Translation) functions, which are the basic requirements for router. Incoming Packets | ┌────────────… text/html 2025-01-05T03:25:59+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:fileshare&rev=1736047559&do=diff linux docker file_sharing share sharing syncthing privatebin File Sharing All the applications have pro and cons. This is listed at the beginning of each header. There have been considered 3 different levels of access as described by the applications used: * Nextcloud - a full privately hosted publicly accessible file shareing application, with many additional features text/html 2025-05-11T04:40:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:hoarder&rev=1746938416&do=diff linux docker bookmark bookmarking karakeep linkwarden Bookmarking Servers There are many different bookmarking programs available at this time. I have listed 2 self hosted types here, Karakeep and Linkwarden. I do not know which is “better”. I am not sure I like the concept in Karakeep which used 3rd party AI to assist with bookmarking tagging. Perhaps it works well. text/html 2025-02-08T09:11:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:kvm&rev=1739005865&do=diff server kvm virtual command debian machine qemu virsh qcow linux command setup nbd network block device KVM Setup I original setup my main server and virual machines all with Ubuntu. However I have started using Debian and find it leaner than Ubuntu. I am slowly moving my various servers and virtual machines to Debian. * Install And Configure KVM In Ubuntu 20.04 Headless Server * Installing KVM on Debian 10 * How To Install KVM Hypervisor on Debian 12|11|10 * How to install KVM server on … text/html 2025-06-21T05:00:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-deluge&rev=1750482034&do=diff linux docker image container openvpn docker_compose wireguard macvlan nftables Docker Deluge Image / Service I want a torrent service that uses a VPN and is set-up to block non VPN WAN (internet) access. On my virtual machine implementation of this I used the following 3 packages: deluge (deluged with deluge-web), openvpn and nftables. I have used both iptables and nftables and find nftables is definitely more elegant to use. As far as I can tell there is not a Docker image that will meet m… text/html 2025-08-09T03:11:23+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=tech_notes:dns&rev=1754709083&do=diff Domain names, domain nameservers, DNS and DHCP Domain names, Domain nameservers, DNS and DHCP are a key part of the internet back bone. * DNS (Domain Name System) resolves the text domain names to the relevant IP (Internet Protocol) addresses. * text/html 2023-04-30T09:43:12+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=wiki:syntax&rev=1682847792&do=diff Formatting Syntax DokuWiki supports some simple markup language, which tries to make the datafiles to be as readable as possible. This page contains all possible syntax you may use when editing the pages. Simply have a look at the source of this page by pressing text/html 2025-11-22T03:58:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:bash&rev=1763783897&do=diff linux bash alias tar bash_aliases configure configuration bashrc command script bashrc history sudo visudo dimmer ps kill nightmode xrandr tar archive default_editor editor BASH Customisation The standard BASH colour configuration uses a blue colour for listing directories (ls) which is difficult to read on a black background. While this is the “standard colour”, due to the impracticality I have decided to change it. text/html 2026-02-15T00:37:24+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-dns&rev=1771115844&do=diff linux docker dns bind9 Docker - DNS Server What Is DNS and How Does It Work – A Comprehensive Guide I have been using Bind9 as my home LAN DNS for the past few years. I originally operated it on bare metal on my home router computer. In mid 2023 I successfully moved my Bind9 primary instance to my main home server in a container and created a slave instance in a container running on my home router computer. I created a Docker Bind9 Image using base Docker Alpine Linux images, with S6 init s… text/html 2026-04-05T00:01:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-dokuwiki&rev=1775347277&do=diff linux docker traefik dokuwiki container Dokuwiki Main Dokuwiki Page The main dokuwiki page dokuwiki_setup. Dokuwiki Container This uses the linuxserver.io image from dockerhub, linuxserver/dokuwiki. The Linuxserver.io documents can be found heredoc.linuxserver.io. Defines web_data volume: #Not USED docker volume create --driver local \ --opt type=none \ --opt device="/home/docker_store/cloud.kptree.net/data" \ --opt o=bind cloud_data text/html 2025-01-07T01:00:11+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-reverse-proxy&rev=1736211611&do=diff linux docker traefik reverse_proxy proxy openssl ssl certificate portainer cloudsec Reverse Proxy Server - Traefik I seem to have gotten the Traefik reverse proxy working according to Techno Tim Put Wildcard Certificates and SSL on EVERYTHING (github reference_files for traefik-portainer-ssl). Also see Jim's Garage Your Traefik Isn't Secure (JimsGarage/Traefik-Secure/ Below is a basic description of the process that aligns with my configuration files. I do this for 2 reasons, both allowing m… text/html 2024-03-24T08:01:21+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:email_server&rev=1711267281&do=diff linux mail server email postfix dovecot emailserver debian ubuntu horde postfixadmin admin clamav apache roundcube webmail certbot certificate KPTree - Email Server Setup Email Server Notes Setting up the email server on my home server was probably the most difficult task. Email server setup is intricate, risky and involves significant commitment and effort to setup reliably and maintain. text/html 2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:media_vm_setup&rev=1682847793&do=diff deluge torrent server openvpn btguard nftables iptables systemd virtual machine linux ubuntu KPTree Torrent VM Setup Deluge Headless setup The main reference used is Havetheknowhow.com, specifically for the deluge headless setup, Havetheknowhow.com - How to install Deluge Headless. The Deluge support page is also a root source of knowledge Deluge systemd. Whatbox Deluge also has some interesting dialog. If installing on a virtual machine (VM) it is important to also have set up the NFS to al… text/html 2024-12-15T03:35:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:dns_dhcp&rev=1734233746&do=diff linux router dns dhcp bind ip ipv6 radvd host dig nslookup DHCP / DNS Setup Outdated I have moved my DNS and DHCP servers to Docker, Docker-DNS Server. I am still using ISC_Bind9, but am now using ISC_Kea for DHCP as ISC_Bind is no longer supported as of 2022. tl;dr; Further to this I am not looking at backups for both these services on my local area network. Whilst these services worked reliably well, when ever I shutdown the the router with text/html 2025-11-30T10:55:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:network&rev=1764500119&do=diff linux debian ubuntu router network netplan interface vlan ipv6 ip Debian Server Network Setup Debian Network - Server Interface Setup As of Debian 10 (Buster) Debian still by default uses this interface Setup. It can be setup to use netplan inface. Ubuntu (as of version 14.04) defaults to Predictable Network Interface Names, also see Systemd Docs. I have no problem with this. In any case, you should always check dev names and not assume names, such as text/html 2025-03-02T07:31:20+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:nftables&rev=1740900680&do=diff linux router nftables firewall NFTables Configuration The best reference for nftables is at the dedicated wiki wiki nftables. Some other references I found nftables router. The reference at stosb is good, but not for a router Explaining My Configs: nftables. Nftables Cheatsheet After a lot of experimenting the following is my NFTables router configuration file. Create the following file called: text/html 2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:nftables_control&rev=1682847793&do=diff linux nft nftables nmap NFTables IP Control I primarily set this feature up to act as a form of parental control on my home internet access. Disable Range of IP addresses, with count-down timer The DHCP assigned addresses in the range 100 - 254 were to be disabled (dropped) in the evening. The addresses below 100 were assigned a specific IP address in the DHCP based upon MAC. text/html 2025-05-24T13:09:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:wireguard&rev=1748092165&do=diff linux router vpn wireguard docker qr_code qr Wireguard VPN access from WAN to LAN I use a Docker instance for my Wireguard server now. I use 2 forms of vpn (virtual private network) on my home server. * VPN to gain remote secure private access to my home LAN from the WAN (internet). This is the one I am describing here. text/html 2023-12-23T13:07:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:ipmi&rev=1703336839&do=diff linux ipmi ipmitool cli bmc IPMI CLI Tools Much copied from Adam Sweet's wiki on IPMI. What is IPMI? IPMI is standard which allows remote server management, primarily developed by Intel. IPMI cards, known as Baseboard Management Cards (BMCs) are primitive computers in their own right and are operational all the time, so long as the server has a power source. The server itself does not need to be powered on, or the operating system operational for the BMC to work, it just needs a power source… text/html 2026-05-16T13:22:26+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:init&rev=1778937746&do=diff alpine linux docker init s6 s6-rc alias Docker init Systems There are a number of init systems used on docker containers, many are the defaults that ship with the standard Linux distributions, e.g. systemd which is particularly popular on the larger comprehensive distributions. tldr; There is a lot of argument in the init world, SystemD seems to have taken over the init system in most text/html 2025-12-29T00:09:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:misc&rev=1766966976&do=diff linux docker it-tools dockge loki watchtower netbox Docker Miscellaneous IT-TOOLS Useful tools for developer and people working in IT. docker-compose.yml --- services: it-tools: image: 'corentinth/it-tools:latest' #ports: # - '8080:80' restart: unless-stopped container_name: it-tools networks: - proxy labels: - "traefik.enable=true" - "traefik.docker.network=proxy" - "traefik.http.routers.… text/html 2025-12-23T02:48:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:vm-container&rev=1766458124&do=diff linux docker vm proxmox server vnc kvm libvirt selfhosted Docker Host KVM versus Proxmox I originally started using Linux KVM based VM, with QEMU and Libvirt on Ubuntu bare metal, circa 2014, this before was I was aware that Proxmox existed. Around 2020 I moved to Debian as my preferred bare metal distribution for server and desktop, I stopped using Windows as my main home desktop around this time. When I started playing around with Docker to create my own container images I preferred use of… text/html 2025-10-14T05:59:15+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:misc&rev=1760421555&do=diff linux router monitor links darkstat glances ntopng iftop nethogs Router Miscellaneous Monitoring There are a number of linux monitoring packages available. See these links for more examples see, 13 Linux Performance Monitoring Tools – Part 2, and 30 Linux System Monitoring Tools Every SysAdmin Should Know. Below are a few that I have tried and use. iftop iftop - display bandwidth usage on an interface by host Use text/html 2025-03-08T09:28:50+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:qemu&rev=1741426130&do=diff linux router vm Router VM I have just decided to play with installing VM (virtual machines) on my Router hardware (2023-01). I have been reluctant to do this for a number of reasons. My separate listing for Router Hardware. Basically the machine is a bit old slow and under powered, but still adequate for what it does. I do not run a desktop on this machine, CLI (Command Line Interface only). The main services I am currently running on this machine are, all bare metal: text/html 2024-08-24T08:27:38+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=project:sprinklers&rev=1724488058&do=diff sprinkler inductor controller solenoid valve solenoid_valve Sprinkler Solenoid 24VAC Woes See my Home Sprinkler notes I have had many problems with my sprinkler system; decrepit failing 30 year old underground wiring, failing solenoid valves and their solenoids. Some of the old solenoid valves were replaced as they had mechanically failed. The multiple issues made it vary difficult to diagnose what was happening at any time. text/html 2024-09-22T09:13:38+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=tech_notes:boot&rev=1726996418&do=diff linux boot uefi ventoy boot tools list drives * df -h * sudo fdisk -l * lsblk flags: * -f to get more verbose output * -o to get specific output columns, use -h option to see list of column options * blkid * ls -l /dev/disk/by-id, additional list options: text/html 2026-01-23T03:32:30+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=tech_notes:flatpak&rev=1769139150&do=diff linux flatpak snap universal package Flatpak Flatpak is a universal Linux package management system, that is more agnostic than the Linux distributions package management systems. Flatpak currently only works with a desk top environment, it is not for servers. There are other universal package management systems available. One popular example is snap, however this is from Ubuntu and seems propriety in nature. text/html 2025-11-14T08:19:08+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=tech_notes:programs&rev=1763108348&do=diff programs applications pipx flatpak Programs & Applications dpkg -l dpkg -l lists all the installed programs on a Debian apt based system. There are too many to list all and many are built in system commands. Below are some that I highlight for interest and future reference to easily find on reinstall. text/html 2023-04-30T09:43:12+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=wiki:dokuwiki&rev=1682847792&do=diff DokuWiki wiki:dokuwiki DokuWiki is a simple to use and highly versatile Open Source wiki software that doesn't require a database. It is loved by users for its clean and readable Formatting Syntax. The ease of maintenance, backup and integration makes it an administrator's favorite. Built in text/html 2023-04-30T09:43:12+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=wiki:welcome&rev=1682847792&do=diff Welcome to your new DokuWiki Congratulations, your wiki is now up and running. Here are a few more tips to get you started. Enjoy your work with DokuWiki, -- the developers Create your first pages Your wiki needs to have a start page. As long as it doesn't exist, this link will be red: text/html 2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:disk_check&rev=1682847793&do=diff linux fsck format partition boot corrupt parted fsck - file system check Use fsck to check and repair a file system. The file system must be unmounted when being check and repaired to prevent corruption! Checking Root File System The root file system can not be unmounted and checked. Two possible options to check the system are: text/html 2025-08-17T00:27:04+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:network_setup&rev=1755390424&do=diff network interface netplan nic setup loopback eth ethernet bridge bond networkd linux debian setup command Network Setup Most server have more than one network connection although one is technically enough. Routers by definition need to have a minimum of at least 2 network connections. It would seem that Debian Linux supports multiple methods to define network connections: text/html 2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:aptcache&rev=1682847793&do=diff linux ubuntu debian apt cache apt-cacher-ng apt update apt upgrade apt-get Set Up and Ubuntu APT Cache The apt-cacher-ng looks to be a self container apt caching server. Basically the apt cacher stores all the relevant apt update and upgrade related files and and acts as a proxy server to multiple clients. A handy feature to improve speed and reduce Internet bandwidth where a virtual machine server is used with multiple clients. There is another package called apt-cacher but it depends upon th… text/html 2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:calibre_server&rev=1682847793&do=diff linux calibre server ebook Calibre Server Calibre is a comprehensive book library package. I had the server running on my Ubuntu 14.04 system about 5 years ago. From memory the Calibre web interface was a bit unpolished, however some of my phone apps could access the library for easier book access. text/html 2025-09-29T05:35:59+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:misc&rev=1759124159&do=diff linux dmesg command systemd journal journalctl tzdata timezone apt upgrade update install remove crontab man apropos tldr ip tc systemctl journalctl pbcopy pbpaste copy paste Commonly used commands and scripts dmesg sudo dmesg lists the OS boot messages between grub and os up. sudo dmesg --level=emerg,alert,crit,err,warn,notice,debug give a more succinct list of focus potential problem issues. * emerg - system is unusable text/html 2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:monit&rev=1682847793&do=diff monit setup linux security MONIT Monit is a small Open Source utility for managing and monitoring Unix systems. Monit conducts automatic maintenance and repair and can execute meaningful causal actions in error situations. The email server instructions from Ex Ratione - A Mailserver on Ubuntu 16.04: Postfix, Dovecot, MySQL, Postfixadmin, Roundcube also include some installation instructions for monit. text/html 2023-05-13T02:20:29+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:nut&rev=1683944429&do=diff linux debian nut ups server NUT (Network UPS Tools) Setup I purchased my current main UPS the Powershield Commander RT PSCRT1100 / Voltronic Power Otima II 1.1K in 2014 and setup NUT about this time, including early conversion to systemd scripts. I notice the Techno Tim Network UPS Tools (NUT) Ultimate Guide late 2022 has a perhaps more modern take on this. text/html 2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:samba&rev=1682847793&do=diff linux samba samba I have not look at samba much since I first attempted to set up my home sever circa 2011 on Fedora before I moved to Ubuntu. I stopped using Fedora as I had noob pain with Selinux, coupled with the short service life of Fedora, so I moved to Ubuntu, where I had a lot more success. text/html 2025-01-10T03:55:11+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:symlinks&rev=1736481311&do=diff simlinks ln linux setup command Simlinks A symlink is a soft or hard link to a directory location to another directory location or file. It effectively allows a directory tree (soft link only) to be made for different non-structured directory locations, even across partitions. It allows configuration file control by having current configuration file pointing to different version or use type configuration files, depending on use case. text/html 2024-03-24T06:04:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:vim&rev=1711260280&do=diff vim neovim command linux debian text editor setup customise customisation cheatsheet VIM Editor When using sudo vim consider sudo -E. The -E flag to retain the user environment variables for vim. VIM Customisation ~/.vimrc colorscheme desert set nocompatible syntax on set number relativenumber set autoindent expandtab tabstop=2 shiftwidth=2 filetype plugin on filetype indent on set cursorline set cursorcolumn set shiftwidth=2 set tabstop=2 set expandtab