https://wiki.kptree.net/ 2026-10-17T06:10:36+00:00 https://wiki.kptree.net/ https://wiki.kptree.net/_media/wiki:dokuwiki.svg text/html 2025-11-09T00:31:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:nginx-php-notes?rev=1762648276&do=diff linux docker nginx php fast-cgi php-fpm Docker nginx / php notes nginx executable I had some trouble getting nginx with php-fpm to operate. So I tried to get working a simple setup to nut-out the nuances. I got it working using php-fpm socket with Apline Linux on 2 Docker instances, one running Nginx and the other php-fpm. text/html 2025-01-03T00:55:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:back-up_server_old?rev=1735865746&do=diff linux debian backup lvm filesystem server nfs mount showmount Back-up Server Old Setup This has been more difficult than I would have thought. I have used rsnapshot the past couple of years (2020-21), but have never really been happy with it for many reasons. The main reason is that it has never worked well, the rsync is reasonably fast, but the rsnapshot takes far too long. Other problems include; difficulties in set-up, and concerns will reliability. Recently I noticed that Debian no longer … text/html 2026-01-31T14:34:43+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:rsync?rev=1769870083&do=diff rsync backup linux debian rsnapshot Rsync These are my rsync notes. I also used to use rsnapshot, however I was unhappy with the performance of this application and moved to restic. The original rsnapshot notes have been rolled up and moved to the bottom of this page. Rsync Notes Main rsync command usage summary text/html 2026-08-23T11:41:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-mailserver?rev=1787485304&do=diff linux docker mail mailserver alpine dovecot postfix sqlite s6 s6-rc Docker mailserver This mailserver setup follows Workaround's SPmail guide for Debian 13 “Trixie”. Key changes are that instead of installing on Debian 13 virtual machine1, with a Maria mysql database2, this setup is for installation on latest Alpine linux Docker image with s6-rc init using maria database. I toyed with sqlite and basically got it functional, however the support apps do not function with sqlite, so I went back… text/html 2022-01-15T04:49:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:media_vm_setup?rev=1642222187&do=diff deluge torrent server openvpn btguard nftables iptables systemd virtual machine linux ubuntu KPTree Torrent VM Setup Deluge Headless setup The main reference used is Havetheknowhow.com, specifically for the deluge headless setup, Havetheknowhow.com - How to install Deluge Headless. The Deluge support page is also a root source of knowledge Deluge systemd. Whatbox Deluge also has some interesting dialog. If installing on a virtual machine (VM) it is important to also have set up the NFS to al… text/html 2023-12-23T13:07:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:ipmi?rev=1703336839&do=diff linux ipmi ipmitool cli bmc IPMI CLI Tools Much copied from Adam Sweet's wiki on IPMI. What is IPMI? IPMI is standard which allows remote server management, primarily developed by Intel. IPMI cards, known as Baseboard Management Cards (BMCs) are primitive computers in their own right and are operational all the time, so long as the server has a power source. The server itself does not need to be powered on, or the operating system operational for the BMC to work, it just needs a power source… text/html 2026-08-23T11:32:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-nextcloud?rev=1787484737&do=diff linux docker nextcloud mysql mariadb Nextcloud Container Nextcloud publishes their own Docker container of Nextcloud. The Nextcloud image on Docker hub is maintained by the Nextcloud community, and is not officially supported by Nextcloud! Linuxserver.io, as well as some others also have Nextcloud containers on Docker Hub. text/html 2026-08-16T04:57:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:init?rev=1786856236&do=diff alpine linux docker init s6 s6-rc alias Docker init Systems There are a number of init systems used on docker containers, many are the defaults that ship with the standard Linux distributions, e.g. systemd which is particularly popular on the larger comprehensive distributions. tldr; There is a lot of argument in the init world, SystemD seems to have taken over the init system in most text/html 2025-03-02T07:31:20+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:nftables?rev=1740900680&do=diff linux router nftables firewall NFTables Configuration The best reference for nftables is at the dedicated wiki wiki nftables. Some other references I found nftables router. The reference at stosb is good, but not for a router Explaining My Configs: nftables. Nftables Cheatsheet After a lot of experimenting the following is my NFTables router configuration file. Create the following file called: text/html 2022-09-05T07:00:54+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:samba?rev=1662361254&do=diff linux samba samba I have not look at samba much since I first attempted to set up my home sever circa 2011 on Fedora before I moved to Ubuntu. I stopped using Fedora as I had noob pain with Selinux, coupled with the short service life of Fedora, so I moved to Ubuntu, where I had a lot more success. text/html 2022-01-16T03:37:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:nftables_control?rev=1642304220&do=diff linux nft nftables nmap NFTables IP Control I primarily set this feature up to act as a form of parental control on my home internet access. Disable Range of IP addresses, with count-down timer The DHCP assigned addresses in the range 100 - 254 were to be disabled (dropped) in the evening. The addresses below 100 were assigned a specific IP address in the DHCP based upon MAC. text/html 2023-05-13T02:20:29+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:nut?rev=1683944429&do=diff linux debian nut ups server NUT (Network UPS Tools) Setup I purchased my current main UPS the Powershield Commander RT PSCRT1100 / Voltronic Power Otima II 1.1K in 2014 and setup NUT about this time, including early conversion to systemd scripts. I notice the Techno Tim Network UPS Tools (NUT) Ultimate Guide late 2022 has a perhaps more modern take on this. text/html 2025-11-22T03:58:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:bash?rev=1763783897&do=diff linux bash alias tar bash_aliases configure configuration bashrc command script bashrc history sudo visudo dimmer ps kill nightmode xrandr tar archive default_editor editor BASH Customisation The standard BASH colour configuration uses a blue colour for listing directories (ls) which is difficult to read on a black background. While this is the “standard colour”, due to the impracticality I have decided to change it. text/html 2025-01-10T02:59:45+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:ssh?rev=1736477985&do=diff linux debian ssh ssh_notes SSH Notes SSH Login Message Acronyms and Definitions * MOTD = Message of the Day Login Messages * sudo vim /etc/issue.net Displays a message before the user begins login, I do not use this. * sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config ensure the following option is set text/html 2025-05-24T13:09:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:wireguard?rev=1748092165&do=diff linux router vpn wireguard docker qr_code qr Wireguard VPN access from WAN to LAN I use a Docker instance for my Wireguard server now. I use 2 forms of vpn (virtual private network) on my home server. * VPN to gain remote secure private access to my home LAN from the WAN (internet). This is the one I am describing here. text/html 2025-09-29T05:35:59+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:misc?rev=1759124159&do=diff linux dmesg command systemd journal journalctl tzdata timezone apt upgrade update install remove crontab man apropos tldr ip tc systemctl journalctl pbcopy pbpaste copy paste Commonly used commands and scripts dmesg sudo dmesg lists the OS boot messages between grub and os up. sudo dmesg --level=emerg,alert,crit,err,warn,notice,debug give a more succinct list of focus potential problem issues. * emerg - system is unusable text/html 2025-09-29T11:22:11+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:dokuwiki_setup?rev=1759144931&do=diff linux wiki dokuwiki server plugin markdown dokuwiki setup notes Also see notes on setting up Docker Dokuwiki container * Dokuwiki home page * Dokuwiki Installation instructions * Upgrading Dokuwiki * DokuWiki Manual * Docuwiki maintenance * How to backup DokuWiki? * How to move DokuWiki from one Server to another? dokuwiki backup Back-ups placed here: '/media/disk1/KarlData/Karl Data 2/dokuwiki_backups/' and named KPtreeWiki-backup_yyyy-mm-dd. e.g. sudo tar zcpfv '/media/… text/html 2026-01-17T01:03:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker?rev=1768611790&do=diff linux docker cli installation network volume iptables nftables portainer Docker Docker is a set of platform as a service (PaaS) products that use OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called _containers_. The service has both free and premium tiers. The software that hosts the containers is called Docker Engine text/html 2023-12-26T03:30:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:logrotate?rev=1703561446&do=diff linux debian log rotate logrotate cron crontab logrotate There are a number of ways to rotate logs. * Using a script and cron (or systemd.timer) * Using logrotate Logrotate using script edit the sudo crontab sudo crontab -e: Example of job definition: # .---------------- minute (0 - 59) # | .------------- hour (0 - 23) # | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31) # | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ... # | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tu… text/html 2025-05-20T04:48:08+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:vnc_setup?rev=1747716488&do=diff linux server debian vnc setup vncserver tigervnc gnome xfce VNC Server This section is a bit of a mess and needs a clean up..... I want a simple server GUI VNC system. Sadly most the instructions on the net do not seem to meet my needs. * Install a GUI * A light desktop system, e.g. xfce * The x11 windows manager system text/html 2026-07-05T05:36:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-deluge?rev=1783229765&do=diff linux docker image container openvpn docker_compose wireguard macvlan nftables Docker Deluge Image / Service I want a torrent service that uses a VPN and is set-up to block non VPN WAN (internet) access. On my virtual machine implementation of this I used the following 3 packages: deluge (deluged with deluge-web), openvpn and nftables. I have used both iptables and nftables and find nftables is definitely more elegant to use. As far as I can tell there is not a Docker image that will meet m… text/html 2026-05-04T05:34:54+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:mswindows_notes?rev=1777872894&do=diff mswindows windows setup tip notes personal license powertoys KPTree - Home Desktop Setup Background I have Windows on my main desk top machine, it is dual boot with Debian/XFCE. I am using Debian almost exclusively now. The BIOS based dual boot works well, I have it defaulting to Debian. I do not currently have a Windows VM setup on my main server. My 3 sons also have computers with Windows on them. Lastly, I am required to used company Windows machines at work. Hence I like to keep a li… text/html 2024-09-21T12:10:33+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:ppp?rev=1726920633&do=diff linux router pppoe pppoed isp mtu dns dhcp ISP PPPoE Network Setup A reasonably comprehensive discussion on Ubuntu forums Setup Ubuntu Server as a router using a PPPoE connection, MTU and TCP MSS when using PPPoE. Also from Ubuntu forums How to Optimize your Internet Connection using MTU and RWIN. Ubuntu documentation ADSLPPPoE. PPPD manual page. Another reference is Confirm Blog Using PPPoE on Linux. Some other references: * Connecting to NBN HFC with a linux router] Internode router set… text/html 2026-04-05T00:01:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-dokuwiki?rev=1775347277&do=diff linux docker traefik dokuwiki container Dokuwiki Main Dokuwiki Page The main dokuwiki page dokuwiki_setup. Dokuwiki Container This uses the linuxserver.io image from dockerhub, linuxserver/dokuwiki. The Linuxserver.io documents can be found heredoc.linuxserver.io. Defines web_data volume: #Not USED docker volume create --driver local \ --opt type=none \ --opt device="/home/docker_store/cloud.kptree.net/data" \ --opt o=bind cloud_data text/html 2025-12-30T03:42:42+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/python:subprocess?rev=1767066162&do=diff Python Programming Notes Here are my notes from starting to use and learn the python programming language. I am only focusing on Python 3 at this time. python subprocess subprocess.run subprocess module The subprocess module allows you to spawn new processes, connect to their input/output/error pipes, and obtain their return codes. text/html 2024-12-07T03:13:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:web_server_setup?rev=1733541215&do=diff linux debian apache apache2 httpd web server php certbot letsencrypt nextcloud cloud vm virtual machine kvm proxy reverse proxy gid uid vipw vigr group id user id Web Server setup Basic Web Server setup on VM I am moving away from Ubuntu to Debian. I find the instruction for here are good to setup a basic web server Digitalocean's LAMP on Debian 11 and Computing for Geeks LAMP on Debian. Old, tl;dr; The main reference used is Unixmen - How To Install LAMP Stack On Ubuntu 16.04, for the bas… text/html 2026-04-11T00:19:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-dhcp?rev=1775866774&do=diff linux docker kea dhcp Docker - DHCP Kea Server Since mid 2023 I have been running a Docker ISC Kea Image using base Docker Alpine Linux images, with S6 init system. (ISC Kea is a modern replacement for their DHCP.) The main DHCP server runs on my main server and I have an automatic fall over back up on my separate Linux router. I basically followed the Kea template text/html 2026-01-31T11:03:52+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:wifi?rev=1769857432&do=diff linux router wifi wifi_router access_point Wifi Router / Access Points I prefer to run higher quality wifi access points (AP) than the all in one type routers. My current router is X86 based running Linux Nftables on bare metal and Bind9 and Kea as well as some other services in Docker on a VM. text/html 2025-02-23T05:29:59+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/tech_notes:builtin?rev=1740288599&do=diff shell builtin commands sh ash bash Shell Builtin Commands I just spent half a day trying to get alias working in a script to no avail. Alias is normally, if not always a so call builtin command. I have been attempting to use / learn Alpine Linux which defaults to sh/ash shell mostly builtin into Busybox. Unfortunately the bulk of shell documentation the web is based upon bash shell which is not suitable / outright incorrect with the nuances of sh/ash with busybox. Interestingly I found this … text/html 2025-03-08T09:28:50+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:qemu?rev=1741426130&do=diff linux router vm Router VM I have just decided to play with installing VM (virtual machines) on my Router hardware (2023-01). I have been reluctant to do this for a number of reasons. My separate listing for Router Hardware. Basically the machine is a bit old slow and under powered, but still adequate for what it does. I do not run a desktop on this machine, CLI (Command Line Interface only). The main services I am currently running on this machine are, all bare metal: text/html 2025-08-10T12:30:03+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/tech_notes:pikvm?rev=1754829003&do=diff linux kvm ipmi pikvm bmc PiKVM I purchased a PiKVM kit in 2021, and got it operational at that time. I did not need to use it until recently, 2024-09. Basically a special 'hat' is mounted on a standard Raspberry Pi 4, the smallest memory unit type being sufficient (2 GB). The kit was complete with all the required parts, such as the hat, Raspberry PI, a case, small OLED display and various cables. The PiKVM is V3 HAT with RPi V4 2GB. text/html 2025-01-07T01:00:11+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-reverse-proxy?rev=1736211611&do=diff linux docker traefik reverse_proxy proxy openssl ssl certificate portainer cloudsec Reverse Proxy Server - Traefik I seem to have gotten the Traefik reverse proxy working according to Techno Tim Put Wildcard Certificates and SSL on EVERYTHING (github reference_files for traefik-portainer-ssl). Also see Jim's Garage Your Traefik Isn't Secure (JimsGarage/Traefik-Secure/ Below is a basic description of the process that aligns with my configuration files. I do this for 2 reasons, both allowing m… text/html 2026-07-12T13:14:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:tc?rev=1783862084&do=diff linux router tc traffic control TC - Traffic Control The Linux kernel's network stack has network traffic control and shaping features. The iproute2 package installs the tc command to control these via the command line. Queuing controls how data is sent; receiving data is much more reactive with fewer network-oriented controls. However, since TCP/IP packets are sent using a slow start the system starts sending the packets slow and keeps sending them faster and faster until packets start getti… text/html 2024-06-23T01:11:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:netfilter?rev=1719105097&do=diff linux router mtu netfilter Basic Netfilter Function Block Diagram Both NFTables and IPTables use the Netfilter framework provided in the Linux kernal. NFtables was implemented to supersede IPTables, which due to the widespread use of IPTables, will probably take a long time. The following is a basic block diagram of the Netfilter Filter and NAT (Network Address Translation) functions, which are the basic requirements for router. Incoming Packets | ┌────────────… text/html 2025-12-23T02:48:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:vm-container?rev=1766458124&do=diff linux docker vm proxmox server vnc kvm libvirt selfhosted Docker Host KVM versus Proxmox I originally started using Linux KVM based VM, with QEMU and Libvirt on Ubuntu bare metal, circa 2014, this before was I was aware that Proxmox existed. Around 2020 I moved to Debian as my preferred bare metal distribution for server and desktop, I stopped using Windows as my main home desktop around this time. When I started playing around with Docker to create my own container images I preferred use of…