https://wiki.kptree.net/ 2026-09-17T09:31:11+00:00 https://wiki.kptree.net/ https://wiki.kptree.net/_media/wiki:dokuwiki.svg text/html 2025-03-02T07:31:20+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:nftables?rev=1740900680&do=diff linux router nftables firewall NFTables Configuration The best reference for nftables is at the dedicated wiki wiki nftables. Some other references I found nftables router. The reference at stosb is good, but not for a router Explaining My Configs: nftables. Nftables Cheatsheet After a lot of experimenting the following is my NFTables router configuration file. Create the following file called: text/html 2025-05-24T13:09:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:wireguard?rev=1748092165&do=diff linux router vpn wireguard docker qr_code qr Wireguard VPN access from WAN to LAN I use a Docker instance for my Wireguard server now. I use 2 forms of vpn (virtual private network) on my home server. * VPN to gain remote secure private access to my home LAN from the WAN (internet). This is the one I am describing here. text/html 2025-10-14T05:59:15+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:misc?rev=1760421555&do=diff linux router monitor links darkstat glances ntopng iftop nethogs Router Miscellaneous Monitoring There are a number of linux monitoring packages available. See these links for more examples see, 13 Linux Performance Monitoring Tools – Part 2, and 30 Linux System Monitoring Tools Every SysAdmin Should Know. Below are a few that I have tried and use. iftop iftop - display bandwidth usage on an interface by host Use text/html 2022-01-16T03:37:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:nftables_control?rev=1642304220&do=diff linux nft nftables nmap NFTables IP Control I primarily set this feature up to act as a form of parental control on my home internet access. Disable Range of IP addresses, with count-down timer The DHCP assigned addresses in the range 100 - 254 were to be disabled (dropped) in the evening. The addresses below 100 were assigned a specific IP address in the DHCP based upon MAC. text/html 2025-08-17T00:27:04+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:network_setup?rev=1755390424&do=diff network interface netplan nic setup loopback eth ethernet bridge bond networkd linux debian setup command Network Setup Most server have more than one network connection although one is technically enough. Routers by definition need to have a minimum of at least 2 network connections. It would seem that Debian Linux supports multiple methods to define network connections: text/html 2025-03-08T09:28:50+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:qemu?rev=1741426130&do=diff linux router vm Router VM I have just decided to play with installing VM (virtual machines) on my Router hardware (2023-01). I have been reluctant to do this for a number of reasons. My separate listing for Router Hardware. Basically the machine is a bit old slow and under powered, but still adequate for what it does. I do not run a desktop on this machine, CLI (Command Line Interface only). The main services I am currently running on this machine are, all bare metal: text/html 2026-08-23T11:41:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-mailserver?rev=1787485304&do=diff linux docker mail mailserver alpine dovecot postfix sqlite s6 s6-rc Docker mailserver This mailserver setup follows Workaround's SPmail guide for Debian 13 “Trixie”. Key changes are that instead of installing on Debian 13 virtual machine1, with a Maria mysql database2, this setup is for installation on latest Alpine linux Docker image with s6-rc init using maria database. I toyed with sqlite and basically got it functional, however the support apps do not function with sqlite, so I went back… text/html 2025-03-02T05:34:56+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:turnserver?rev=1740893696&do=diff linux docker turnserver turn server From wikipedia; Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) is a protocol that assists in traversal of network address translators (NAT) or firewalls for multimedia applications. It may be used with the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). It is most useful for clients on networks masqueraded by symmetric NAT devices. TURN does not aid in running servers on well known ports in the private network through a NAT; it supports the c… text/html 2026-06-21T00:26:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:hardware?rev=1782001578&do=diff linux router hardware Router Hardware ikoolcore-r2-max (Dec 2024) The Supermicro SYS-E200-9B has stopped working. It posts bios, but will not boot further. I suspect hardware failure of some sort. The BMC failed a few years ago. I have ordered a replacement ikoolcore-r2-max. The replacement comes with 2.5Gb/s and 10GB/s NICs and a more modern and faster 8 core text/html 2025-11-30T10:55:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:network?rev=1764500119&do=diff linux debian ubuntu router network netplan interface vlan ipv6 ip Debian Server Network Setup Debian Network - Server Interface Setup As of Debian 10 (Buster) Debian still by default uses this interface Setup. It can be setup to use netplan inface. Ubuntu (as of version 14.04) defaults to Predictable Network Interface Names, also see Systemd Docs. I have no problem with this. In any case, you should always check dev names and not assume names, such as text/html 2026-04-26T08:16:06+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:background?rev=1777191366&do=diff linux router 4g lte mobile Linux Router Background I have had the router hardware for about 7 years now, as of June 2023. It took me nearly 18 months to set up as primary home router on bare metal, with DNS and DHCP. I got Wireguard up and running a year ago. I have some basic monitoring software running, darkstat and glances. I have not bothered to setup VMs or containers, it all runs bare metal. I managed to use text/html 2024-03-24T08:01:21+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:email_server?rev=1711267281&do=diff linux mail server email postfix dovecot emailserver debian ubuntu horde postfixadmin admin clamav apache roundcube webmail certbot certificate KPTree - Email Server Setup Email Server Notes Setting up the email server on my home server was probably the most difficult task. Email server setup is intricate, risky and involves significant commitment and effort to setup reliably and maintain. text/html 2025-12-29T00:09:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:misc?rev=1766966976&do=diff linux docker it-tools dockge loki watchtower netbox Docker Miscellaneous IT-TOOLS Useful tools for developer and people working in IT. docker-compose.yml --- services: it-tools: image: 'corentinth/it-tools:latest' #ports: # - '8080:80' restart: unless-stopped container_name: it-tools networks: - proxy labels: - "traefik.enable=true" - "traefik.docker.network=proxy" - "traefik.http.routers.… text/html 2026-01-17T01:03:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker?rev=1768611790&do=diff linux docker cli installation network volume iptables nftables portainer Docker Docker is a set of platform as a service (PaaS) products that use OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called _containers_. The service has both free and premium tiers. The software that hosts the containers is called Docker Engine text/html 2026-08-23T11:32:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-nextcloud?rev=1787484737&do=diff linux docker nextcloud mysql mariadb Nextcloud Container Nextcloud publishes their own Docker container of Nextcloud. The Nextcloud image on Docker hub is maintained by the Nextcloud community, and is not officially supported by Nextcloud! Linuxserver.io, as well as some others also have Nextcloud containers on Docker Hub. text/html 2024-09-11T09:27:42+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-calibre?rev=1726046862&do=diff linux docker calibre Calibre Calibre This Docker container is based linuxserver/calibre, Docker hub linuxserver/calibre, Calibre ebook management The image is based upon current Ubuntu Long term release. Calibre docker-compose.yml services: calibre: image: lscr.io/linuxserver/calibre:latest container_name: calibre security_opt: - seccomp:unconfined #optional environment: - PUID=1000 - PGID=1000 - TZ=Australia/Perth - PASSWORD= #optional … text/html 2025-07-05T10:36:50+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:vnc?rev=1751711810&do=diff linux docker vnc guacamole VNC I set up Guacamole using Install Guacamole on Docker – VNC, SSH, SFTP, and RDP like a Boss!. * <ctrl><shift<alt> keystroke in a Guacamole session opens and closes the Guacamole control panel. My docker-compose.yml --- services: # MariaDB - MySQL Database mariadb: container_name: guac_db image: linuxserver/mariadb:latest restart: always networks: # - proxy - guac security_opt: - no-new-privileges:true # ports: # … text/html 2025-08-09T03:11:23+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/tech_notes:dns?rev=1754709083&do=diff Domain names, domain nameservers, DNS and DHCP Domain names, Domain nameservers, DNS and DHCP are a key part of the internet back bone. * DNS (Domain Name System) resolves the text domain names to the relevant IP (Internet Protocol) addresses. * text/html 2022-01-15T04:49:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:media_vm_setup?rev=1642222187&do=diff deluge torrent server openvpn btguard nftables iptables systemd virtual machine linux ubuntu KPTree Torrent VM Setup Deluge Headless setup The main reference used is Havetheknowhow.com, specifically for the deluge headless setup, Havetheknowhow.com - How to install Deluge Headless. The Deluge support page is also a root source of knowledge Deluge systemd. Whatbox Deluge also has some interesting dialog. If installing on a virtual machine (VM) it is important to also have set up the NFS to al… text/html 2025-01-07T01:00:11+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-reverse-proxy?rev=1736211611&do=diff linux docker traefik reverse_proxy proxy openssl ssl certificate portainer cloudsec Reverse Proxy Server - Traefik I seem to have gotten the Traefik reverse proxy working according to Techno Tim Put Wildcard Certificates and SSL on EVERYTHING (github reference_files for traefik-portainer-ssl). Also see Jim's Garage Your Traefik Isn't Secure (JimsGarage/Traefik-Secure/ Below is a basic description of the process that aligns with my configuration files. I do this for 2 reasons, both allowing m… text/html 2025-09-29T11:22:11+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:dokuwiki_setup?rev=1759144931&do=diff linux wiki dokuwiki server plugin markdown dokuwiki setup notes Also see notes on setting up Docker Dokuwiki container * Dokuwiki home page * Dokuwiki Installation instructions * Upgrading Dokuwiki * DokuWiki Manual * Docuwiki maintenance * How to backup DokuWiki? * How to move DokuWiki from one Server to another? dokuwiki backup Back-ups placed here: '/media/disk1/KarlData/Karl Data 2/dokuwiki_backups/' and named KPtreeWiki-backup_yyyy-mm-dd. e.g. sudo tar zcpfv '/media/… text/html 2026-01-31T11:03:52+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:wifi?rev=1769857432&do=diff linux router wifi wifi_router access_point Wifi Router / Access Points I prefer to run higher quality wifi access points (AP) than the all in one type routers. My current router is X86 based running Linux Nftables on bare metal and Bind9 and Kea as well as some other services in Docker on a VM. text/html 2026-09-05T02:45:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-compose?rev=1788576313&do=diff linux docker compose docker-compose docker_compose container network Docker-Compose * Docker Docs Compose specification, The Compose Specification Some commands: * docker-compose pull, it would seem this is required to ensure the latest image(s) is downloaded * docker-compose up -d --build --force-recreate * -d run as deamon (in background) * --build on required if the compose includes building an image text/html 2026-02-15T00:37:24+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-dns?rev=1771115844&do=diff linux docker dns bind9 Docker - DNS Server What Is DNS and How Does It Work – A Comprehensive Guide I have been using Bind9 as my home LAN DNS for the past few years. I originally operated it on bare metal on my home router computer. In mid 2023 I successfully moved my Bind9 primary instance to my main home server in a container and created a slave instance in a container running on my home router computer. I created a Docker Bind9 Image using base Docker Alpine Linux images, with S6 init s… text/html 2024-12-28T03:23:56+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:vpn?rev=1735356236&do=diff linux docker wireguard openvpn Private LAN VPN Access The scope here concerns use of VPN (Virtual Private Network) to gain secure access from the public network to a local private network. It relates to private secure access and use from the public network. It does not consider public VPNs setup for public use. text/html 2026-04-05T00:01:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-dokuwiki?rev=1775347277&do=diff linux docker traefik dokuwiki container Dokuwiki Main Dokuwiki Page The main dokuwiki page dokuwiki_setup. Dokuwiki Container This uses the linuxserver.io image from dockerhub, linuxserver/dokuwiki. The Linuxserver.io documents can be found heredoc.linuxserver.io. Defines web_data volume: #Not USED docker volume create --driver local \ --opt type=none \ --opt device="/home/docker_store/cloud.kptree.net/data" \ --opt o=bind cloud_data text/html 2025-09-29T05:35:59+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:misc?rev=1759124159&do=diff linux dmesg command systemd journal journalctl tzdata timezone apt upgrade update install remove crontab man apropos tldr ip tc systemctl journalctl pbcopy pbpaste copy paste Commonly used commands and scripts dmesg sudo dmesg lists the OS boot messages between grub and os up. sudo dmesg --level=emerg,alert,crit,err,warn,notice,debug give a more succinct list of focus potential problem issues. * emerg - system is unusable text/html 2024-12-06T11:35:56+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:diun-ntfy?rev=1733484956&do=diff linux docker diun ntfy Docker - diun & ntfy ntfy is a notification application and server frame work. It has an iOS client and can also use standard web page and Andiod app. I originally considered gotify however there is not iOS application for this notification system, which basically makes it of less value for me. text/html 2024-12-07T03:13:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:web_server_setup?rev=1733541215&do=diff linux debian apache apache2 httpd web server php certbot letsencrypt nextcloud cloud vm virtual machine kvm proxy reverse proxy gid uid vipw vigr group id user id Web Server setup Basic Web Server setup on VM I am moving away from Ubuntu to Debian. I find the instruction for here are good to setup a basic web server Digitalocean's LAMP on Debian 11 and Computing for Geeks LAMP on Debian. Old, tl;dr; The main reference used is Unixmen - How To Install LAMP Stack On Ubuntu 16.04, for the bas… text/html 2025-11-09T00:31:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:nginx-php-notes?rev=1762648276&do=diff linux docker nginx php fast-cgi php-fpm Docker nginx / php notes nginx executable I had some trouble getting nginx with php-fpm to operate. So I tried to get working a simple setup to nut-out the nuances. I got it working using php-fpm socket with Apline Linux on 2 Docker instances, one running Nginx and the other php-fpm. text/html 2024-12-15T02:31:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:iptables?rev=1734229861&do=diff linux router firewall iptables IPTables Configuration Having delved into IPtables and NFtables about the same time, my feelings are that NFTables is generally superior in just about every way, I can not be bothered explaining this, this is just my experience and feeling. I would preferentially use NFTables over IPtables where I have a choice. Unfortunately some software still uses IPtables, e.g. Docker. So it is good to be able to be sufficiently fluent and be able to work in both at this … text/html 2026-01-31T14:34:43+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:rsync?rev=1769870083&do=diff rsync backup linux debian rsnapshot Rsync These are my rsync notes. I also used to use rsnapshot, however I was unhappy with the performance of this application and moved to restic. The original rsnapshot notes have been rolled up and moved to the bottom of this page. Rsync Notes Main rsync command usage summary text/html 2026-04-11T00:19:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-dhcp?rev=1775866774&do=diff linux docker kea dhcp Docker - DHCP Kea Server Since mid 2023 I have been running a Docker ISC Kea Image using base Docker Alpine Linux images, with S6 init system. (ISC Kea is a modern replacement for their DHCP.) The main DHCP server runs on my main server and I have an automatic fall over back up on my separate Linux router. I basically followed the Kea template text/html 2025-05-18T12:49:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/personal:sprinkler?rev=1747572557&do=diff sprinkler spray garden irrigation Home Sprinkler Setup Notes See my Sprinker solenoid woes Reticulation System The home I am currently living in and own had a garden irrigation system install with bore pump when purchased. The system was over 20 years old when I purchased and is now over 30 years old. text/html 2024-12-15T03:35:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:dns_dhcp?rev=1734233746&do=diff linux router dns dhcp bind ip ipv6 radvd host dig nslookup DHCP / DNS Setup Outdated I have moved my DNS and DHCP servers to Docker, Docker-DNS Server. I am still using ISC_Bind9, but am now using ISC_Kea for DHCP as ISC_Bind is no longer supported as of 2022. tl;dr; Further to this I am not looking at backups for both these services on my local area network. Whilst these services worked reliably well, when ever I shutdown the the router with