KPTree Wiki
https://wiki.kptree.net/
2026-04-24T12:05:12+00:00KPTree Wiki
https://wiki.kptree.net/
https://wiki.kptree.net/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=wiki:dokuwiki.svgtext/html2024-12-07T03:13:35+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Web Server setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:web_server_setup&rev=1733541215&do=diff
linux debian apache apache2 httpd web server php certbot letsencrypt nextcloud cloud vm virtual machine kvm proxy reverse proxy gid uid vipw vigr group id user id
Web Server setup
Basic Web Server setup on VM
I am moving away from Ubuntu to Debian. I find the instruction for here are good to setup a basic web server Digitalocean's LAMP on Debian 11 and Computing for Geeks LAMP on Debian.
Old, tl;dr;
The main reference used is Unixmen - How To Install LAMP Stack On Ubuntu 16.04, for the bas…text/html2025-10-14T05:59:15+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Router Miscellaneous
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:misc&rev=1760421555&do=diff
linux router monitor links darkstat glances ntopng iftop nethogs
Router Miscellaneous
Monitoring
There are a number of linux monitoring packages available. See these links for more examples see, 13 Linux Performance Monitoring Tools – Part 2, and 30 Linux System Monitoring Tools Every SysAdmin Should Know. Below are a few that I have tried and use.
iftop
iftop - display bandwidth usage on an interface by host
Usetext/html2025-08-16T11:39:12+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker mailserver
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-mailserver&rev=1755344352&do=diff
linux docker mail mailserver alpine dovecot postfix sqlite s6 s6-rc
Docker mailserver
This mailserver setup follows Workaround's SPmail guide for Debian 12 “Bookworm”. Key changes are that instead of installing on Debian 12 virtual machine1, with a Maria mysql database2, this setup is for installation on latest Alpine linux Docker image with s6-rc init using maria database. I toyed with sqlite and basically got it functional, however the support apps do not function with sqlite, so I went ba…text/html2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)KPTree Torrent VM Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:media_vm_setup&rev=1682847793&do=diff
deluge torrent server openvpn btguard nftables iptables systemd virtual machine linux ubuntu
KPTree Torrent VM Setup
Deluge Headless setup
The main reference used is Havetheknowhow.com, specifically for the deluge headless setup, Havetheknowhow.com - How to install Deluge Headless. The Deluge support page is also a root source of knowledge Deluge systemd. Whatbox Deluge also has some interesting dialog.
If installing on a virtual machine (VM) it is important to also have set up the NFS to al…text/html2026-01-17T01:03:10+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker&rev=1768611790&do=diff
linux docker cli installation network volume iptables nftables portainer
Docker
Docker is a set of platform as a service (PaaS) products that use OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called _containers_. The service has both free and premium tiers. The software that hosts the containers is called Docker Enginetext/html2026-04-03T14:43:15+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Nextcloud Container
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-nextcloud&rev=1775227395&do=diff
linux docker nextcloud mysql mariadb
Nextcloud Container
Nextcloud publishes their own Docker container of Nextcloud. The Nextcloud image on Docker hub is maintained by the Nextcloud community, and is not officially supported by Nextcloud! Linuxserver.io, as well as some others also have Nextcloud containers on Docker Hub.text/html2025-11-09T00:31:16+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker nginx / php notes
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:nginx-php-notes&rev=1762648276&do=diff
linux docker nginx php fast-cgi php-fpm
Docker nginx / php notes
nginx executable
I had some trouble getting nginx with php-fpm to operate. So I tried to get working a simple setup to nut-out the nuances. I got it working using php-fpm socket with Apline Linux on 2 Docker instances, one running Nginx and the other php-fpm.text/html2025-05-18T07:27:42+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)IPMI Console Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:ipmi_console&rev=1747553262&do=diff
linux bmc grub ipmi console redirection cli
IPMI Console Setup
I have 3 computers from Supermicro with BMC and IPMI. The Supermicro provided utility program IPMIView is good, but the iKVM console redirection facility is woefully unreliable and also seems to be poorly documented! (Probably because it is based upon Java.) Interestingly this utility program is provided for Windows and Linux, and is even available in Manjaro AUR repositories. (This probably actually makes sense as many Supermic…text/html2025-09-29T11:22:11+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)dokuwiki setup notes
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:dokuwiki_setup&rev=1759144931&do=diff
linux wiki dokuwiki server plugin markdown
dokuwiki setup notes
Also see notes on setting up Docker Dokuwiki container
* Dokuwiki home page
* Dokuwiki Installation instructions
* Upgrading Dokuwiki
* DokuWiki Manual
* Docuwiki maintenance
* How to backup DokuWiki?
* How to move DokuWiki from one Server to another?
dokuwiki backup
Back-ups placed here: '/media/disk1/KarlData/Karl Data 2/dokuwiki_backups/' and named KPtreeWiki-backup_yyyy-mm-dd.
e.g. sudo tar zcpfv '/media/…text/html2024-09-21T12:10:33+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)ISP PPPoE Network Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:ppp&rev=1726920633&do=diff
linux router pppoe pppoed isp mtu dns dhcp
ISP PPPoE Network Setup
A reasonably comprehensive discussion on Ubuntu forums Setup Ubuntu Server as a router using a PPPoE connection, MTU and TCP MSS when using PPPoE. Also from Ubuntu forums How to Optimize your Internet Connection using MTU and RWIN. Ubuntu documentation ADSLPPPoE. PPPD manual page.
Another reference is Confirm Blog Using PPPoE on Linux.
Some other references:
* Connecting to NBN HFC with a linux router] Internode router set…text/html2025-08-17T00:27:04+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Network Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:network_setup&rev=1755390424&do=diff
network interface netplan nic setup loopback eth ethernet bridge bond networkd linux debian setup command
Network Setup
Most server have more than one network connection although one is technically enough. Routers by definition need to have a minimum of at least 2 network connections.
It would seem that Debian Linux supports multiple methods to define network connections:text/html2026-04-14T13:03:49+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker-Compose
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-compose&rev=1776171829&do=diff
linux docker compose docker-compose docker_compose container network
Docker-Compose
* Docker Docs Compose specification, The Compose Specification
Some commands:
* docker-compose pull, it would seem this is required to ensure the latest image(s) is downloaded
* docker-compose up -d --build --force-recreate
* -d run as deamon (in background)
* --build on required if the compose includes building an imagetext/html2025-06-21T05:00:34+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker Deluge Image / Service
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-deluge&rev=1750482034&do=diff
linux docker image container openvpn docker_compose wireguard macvlan nftables
Docker Deluge Image / Service
I want a torrent service that uses a VPN and is set-up to block non VPN WAN (internet) access. On my virtual machine implementation of this I used the following 3 packages: deluge (deluged with deluge-web), openvpn and nftables. I have used both iptables and nftables and find nftables is definitely more elegant to use. As far as I can tell there is not a Docker image that will meet m…text/html2026-04-11T00:19:34+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker - DHCP Kea Server
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-dhcp&rev=1775866774&do=diff
linux docker kea dhcp
Docker - DHCP Kea Server
Since mid 2023 I have been running a Docker ISC Kea Image using base Docker Alpine Linux images, with S6 init system. (ISC Kea is a modern replacement for their DHCP.) The main DHCP server runs on my main server and I have an automatic fall over back up on my separate Linux router. I basically followed the Kea templatetext/html2024-12-28T03:23:56+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Private LAN VPN Access
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:vpn&rev=1735356236&do=diff
linux docker wireguard openvpn
Private LAN VPN Access
The scope here concerns use of VPN (Virtual Private Network) to gain secure access from the public network to a local private network. It relates to private secure access and use from the public network. It does not consider public VPNs setup for public use.text/html2024-06-23T00:14:23+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)TC - Traffic Control
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:tc&rev=1719101663&do=diff
linux router tc traffic control
TC - Traffic Control
The Linux kernel's network stack has network traffic control and shaping features. The iproute2 package installs the tc command to control these via the command line.
Queuing controls how data is sent; receiving data is much more reactive with fewer network-oriented controls. However, since TCP/IP packets are sent using a slow start the system starts sending the packets slow and keeps sending them faster and faster until packets start getti…text/html2025-02-08T09:11:05+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)KVM Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:kvm&rev=1739005865&do=diff
server kvm virtual command debian machine qemu virsh qcow linux command setup nbd network block device
KVM Setup
I original setup my main server and virual machines all with Ubuntu. However I have started using Debian and find it leaner than Ubuntu. I am slowly moving my various servers and virtual machines to Debian.
* Install And Configure KVM In Ubuntu 20.04 Headless Server
* Installing KVM on Debian 10
* How To Install KVM Hypervisor on Debian 12|11|10
* How to install KVM server on …text/html2025-01-03T09:33:51+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)XFCE
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:docker&rev=1735896831&do=diff
linux xfce
XFCE
XFCE Plugins
Many XFCE plugins are available via menu: setting : panel : items, from here panel items can be added and removed and configured.
To see available XFCE4 packages in the Debian repository sudo apt-cache search xfce4*.
XFCE Keystrokestext/html2023-05-13T02:20:29+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)NUT (Network UPS Tools) Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:nut&rev=1683944429&do=diff
linux debian nut ups server
NUT (Network UPS Tools) Setup
I purchased my current main UPS the Powershield Commander RT PSCRT1100 / Voltronic Power Otima II 1.1K in 2014 and setup NUT about this time, including early conversion to systemd scripts. I notice the Techno Tim Network UPS Tools (NUT) Ultimate Guide late 2022 has a perhaps more modern take on this.text/html2024-12-06T11:35:56+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker - diun & ntfy
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:diun-ntfy&rev=1733484956&do=diff
linux docker diun ntfy
Docker - diun & ntfy
ntfy is a notification application and server frame work. It has an iOS client and can also use standard web page and Andiod app. I originally considered gotify however there is not iOS application for this notification system, which basically makes it of less value for me.text/html2026-02-15T00:37:24+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker - DNS Server
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-dns&rev=1771115844&do=diff
linux docker dns bind9
Docker - DNS Server
What Is DNS and How Does It Work – A Comprehensive Guide
I have been using Bind9 as my home LAN DNS for the past few years. I originally operated it on bare metal on my home router computer. In mid 2023 I successfully moved my Bind9 primary instance to my main home server in a container and created a slave instance in a container running on my home router computer. I created a Docker Bind9 Image using base Docker Alpine Linux images, with S6 init s…text/html2025-06-11T10:02:50+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Homepage dashboard
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-homepage&rev=1749636170&do=diff
homepage dashboard heimdall postges postgesql
Homepage dashboard
A home page is basically a webpage that provides a summary of your system and also has links to launch web applications and bookmarks. It may also have other utility information, such as system configuration and status, time, calendar, etc.text/html2025-01-07T01:00:11+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Reverse Proxy Server - Traefik
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-reverse-proxy&rev=1736211611&do=diff
linux docker traefik reverse_proxy proxy openssl ssl certificate portainer cloudsec
Reverse Proxy Server - Traefik
I seem to have gotten the Traefik reverse proxy working according to Techno Tim Put Wildcard Certificates and SSL on EVERYTHING (github reference_files for traefik-portainer-ssl). Also see Jim's Garage Your Traefik Isn't Secure (JimsGarage/Traefik-Secure/
Below is a basic description of the process that aligns with my configuration files. I do this for 2 reasons, both allowing m…text/html2025-01-05T03:25:59+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)File Sharing
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:fileshare&rev=1736047559&do=diff
linux docker file_sharing share sharing syncthing privatebin
File Sharing
All the applications have pro and cons. This is listed at the beginning of each header.
There have been considered 3 different levels of access as described by the applications used:
* Nextcloud - a full privately hosted publicly accessible file shareing application, with many additional featurestext/html2026-02-15T00:27:57+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker init Systems
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:init&rev=1771115277&do=diff
alpine linux docker init s6 s6-rc alias
Docker init Systems
There are a number of init systems used on docker containers, many are the defaults that ship with the standard Linux distributions, e.g. systemd which is particularly popular on the larger comprehensive distributions.
tldr;
There is a lot of argument in the init world, SystemD seems to have taken over the init system in mosttext/html2025-11-14T14:12:45+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)ntp
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:ntp&rev=1763129565&do=diff
ntp
I remember looking at this circa 2016 - 2021 and letting go at that time, crony had just been released and systemd was still relatively new at that time.
systemd commands
* sudo systemctl status systemd-timesyncd
* The default configuration is shown intext/html2025-09-14T11:00:20+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Linux Router Background
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:background&rev=1757847620&do=diff
linux router 4g lte mobile
Linux Router Background
I have had the router hardware for about 7 years now, as of June 2023. It took me nearly 18 months to set up as primary home router on bare metal, with DNS and DHCP. I got Wireguard up and running a year ago. I have some basic monitoring software running, darkstat and glances. I have not bothered to setup VMs or containers, it all runs bare metal. I managed to usetext/html2024-12-15T03:35:46+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)DHCP / DNS Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:dns_dhcp&rev=1734233746&do=diff
linux router dns dhcp bind ip ipv6 radvd host dig nslookup
DHCP / DNS Setup
Outdated
I have moved my DNS and DHCP servers to Docker, Docker-DNS Server. I am still using ISC_Bind9, but am now using ISC_Kea for DHCP as ISC_Bind is no longer supported as of 2022.
tl;dr;
Further to this I am not looking at backups for both these services on my local area network. Whilst these services worked reliably well, when ever I shutdown the the router withtext/html2024-06-23T01:11:37+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Basic Netfilter Function Block Diagram
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:netfilter&rev=1719105097&do=diff
linux router mtu netfilter
Basic Netfilter Function Block Diagram
Both NFTables and IPTables use the Netfilter framework provided in the Linux kernal. NFtables was implemented to supersede IPTables, which due to the widespread use of IPTables, will probably take a long time.
The following is a basic block diagram of the Netfilter Filter and NAT (Network Address Translation) functions, which are the basic requirements for router.
Incoming
Packets
|
┌────────────…text/html2025-11-30T10:55:19+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Debian Server Network Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:network&rev=1764500119&do=diff
linux debian ubuntu router network netplan interface vlan ipv6 ip
Debian Server Network Setup
Debian Network - Server Interface Setup
As of Debian 10 (Buster) Debian still by default uses this interface Setup. It can be setup to use netplan inface.
Ubuntu (as of version 14.04) defaults to Predictable Network Interface Names, also see Systemd Docs. I have no problem with this. In any case, you should always check dev names and not assume names, such astext/html2026-01-31T11:03:52+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Wifi Router / Access Points
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:wifi&rev=1769857432&do=diff
linux router wifi wifi_router access_point
Wifi Router / Access Points
I prefer to run higher quality wifi access points (AP) than the all in one type routers. My current router is X86 based running Linux Nftables on bare metal and Bind9 and Kea as well as some other services in Docker on a VM.text/html2025-05-24T13:09:25+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Wireguard VPN access from WAN to LAN
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:wireguard&rev=1748092165&do=diff
linux router vpn wireguard docker qr_code qr
Wireguard VPN access from WAN to LAN
I use a Docker instance for my Wireguard server now.
I use 2 forms of vpn (virtual private network) on my home server.
* VPN to gain remote secure private access to my home LAN from the WAN (internet). This is the one I am describing here.text/html2025-12-29T00:06:16+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Surge Protector
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=project:surge_protector&rev=1766966776&do=diff
surge surge_protector varsistor gdt mov
Surge Protector
I purchase ARLEC Premium Surge Protectors from Bunnings in Dec 2025 for $18.67 each (I got an additional 5% trade discount.). I tore apart a unit to see what it was made of. I was impressed with the construction and purchase a total of 6 units, including the tear down unit which I do not intent to bring back into service, plus a spare. This allows a unit to be installed in each bedroom and study, which also aligns with the household ge…text/html2025-02-23T05:29:59+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Shell Builtin Commands
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=tech_notes:builtin&rev=1740288599&do=diff
shell builtin commands sh ash bash
Shell Builtin Commands
I just spent half a day trying to get alias working in a script to no avail. Alias is normally, if not always a so call builtin command.
I have been attempting to use / learn Alpine Linux which defaults to sh/ash shell mostly builtin into Busybox. Unfortunately the bulk of shell documentation the web is based upon bash shell which is not suitable / outright incorrect with the nuances of sh/ash with busybox. Interestingly I found this …text/html2023-04-30T09:43:12+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)DokuWiki
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=wiki:dokuwiki&rev=1682847792&do=diff
DokuWiki
wiki:dokuwiki DokuWiki is a simple to use and highly versatile Open Source wiki software that doesn't require a database. It is loved by users for its clean and readable Formatting Syntax. The ease of maintenance, backup and integration makes it an administrator's favorite. Built intext/html2025-11-22T03:58:17+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)BASH Customisation
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:bash&rev=1763783897&do=diff
linux bash alias tar bash_aliases configure configuration bashrc command script bashrc history sudo visudo dimmer ps kill nightmode xrandr tar archive default_editor editor
BASH Customisation
The standard BASH colour configuration uses a blue colour for listing directories (ls) which is difficult to read on a black background. While this is the “standard colour”, due to the impracticality I have decided to change it.text/html2026-03-05T13:20:52+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)snapraid
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:snapraid&rev=1772716852&do=diff
snapraid linux
snapraid
I have been using snapraid since circa 2015 for my main first past redundancy. I have a second home server used as a backup server that weekly backs up using restic.
The main snapraid commands I use are:
sudo snapraid sync to sync the files that have changes since last sync. I usually do this weekly, manually.