KPTree Wiki
https://wiki.kptree.net/
2026-04-24T13:40:28+00:00KPTree Wiki
https://wiki.kptree.net/
https://wiki.kptree.net/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=wiki:dokuwiki.svgtext/html2026-01-31T14:34:43+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Rsync
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:rsync&rev=1769870083&do=diff
rsync backup linux debian rsnapshot
Rsync
These are my rsync notes. I also used to use rsnapshot, however I was unhappy with the performance of this application and moved to restic. The original rsnapshot notes have been rolled up and moved to the bottom of this page.
Rsync Notes
Main rsync command usage summarytext/html2024-03-24T06:04:40+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)VIM Editor
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:vim&rev=1711260280&do=diff
vim neovim command linux debian text editor setup customise customisation cheatsheet
VIM Editor
When using sudo vim consider sudo -E. The -E flag to retain the user environment variables for vim.
VIM Customisation
~/.vimrc
colorscheme desert
set nocompatible
syntax on
set number relativenumber
set autoindent expandtab tabstop=2 shiftwidth=2
filetype plugin on
filetype indent on
set cursorline
set cursorcolumn
set shiftwidth=2
set tabstop=2
set expandtabtext/html2025-09-29T05:35:59+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Commonly used commands and scripts
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:misc&rev=1759124159&do=diff
linux dmesg command systemd journal journalctl tzdata timezone apt upgrade update install remove crontab man apropos tldr ip tc systemctl journalctl pbcopy pbpaste copy paste
Commonly used commands and scripts
dmesg
sudo dmesg lists the OS boot messages between grub and os up.
sudo dmesg --level=emerg,alert,crit,err,warn,notice,debug give a more succinct list of focus potential problem issues.
* emerg - system is unusabletext/html2025-11-22T03:58:17+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)BASH Customisation
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:bash&rev=1763783897&do=diff
linux bash alias tar bash_aliases configure configuration bashrc command script bashrc history sudo visudo dimmer ps kill nightmode xrandr tar archive default_editor editor
BASH Customisation
The standard BASH colour configuration uses a blue colour for listing directories (ls) which is difficult to read on a black background. While this is the “standard colour”, due to the impracticality I have decided to change it.text/html2026-01-17T01:03:10+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker&rev=1768611790&do=diff
linux docker cli installation network volume iptables nftables portainer
Docker
Docker is a set of platform as a service (PaaS) products that use OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called _containers_. The service has both free and premium tiers. The software that hosts the containers is called Docker Enginetext/html2025-08-16T11:39:12+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker mailserver
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-mailserver&rev=1755344352&do=diff
linux docker mail mailserver alpine dovecot postfix sqlite s6 s6-rc
Docker mailserver
This mailserver setup follows Workaround's SPmail guide for Debian 12 “Bookworm”. Key changes are that instead of installing on Debian 12 virtual machine1, with a Maria mysql database2, this setup is for installation on latest Alpine linux Docker image with s6-rc init using maria database. I toyed with sqlite and basically got it functional, however the support apps do not function with sqlite, so I went ba…text/html2025-05-18T07:27:42+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)IPMI Console Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:ipmi_console&rev=1747553262&do=diff
linux bmc grub ipmi console redirection cli
IPMI Console Setup
I have 3 computers from Supermicro with BMC and IPMI. The Supermicro provided utility program IPMIView is good, but the iKVM console redirection facility is woefully unreliable and also seems to be poorly documented! (Probably because it is based upon Java.) Interestingly this utility program is provided for Windows and Linux, and is even available in Manjaro AUR repositories. (This probably actually makes sense as many Supermic…text/html2025-06-21T05:00:34+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker Deluge Image / Service
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-deluge&rev=1750482034&do=diff
linux docker image container openvpn docker_compose wireguard macvlan nftables
Docker Deluge Image / Service
I want a torrent service that uses a VPN and is set-up to block non VPN WAN (internet) access. On my virtual machine implementation of this I used the following 3 packages: deluge (deluged with deluge-web), openvpn and nftables. I have used both iptables and nftables and find nftables is definitely more elegant to use. As far as I can tell there is not a Docker image that will meet m…text/html2026-04-03T14:43:15+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Nextcloud Container
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-nextcloud&rev=1775227395&do=diff
linux docker nextcloud mysql mariadb
Nextcloud Container
Nextcloud publishes their own Docker container of Nextcloud. The Nextcloud image on Docker hub is maintained by the Nextcloud community, and is not officially supported by Nextcloud! Linuxserver.io, as well as some others also have Nextcloud containers on Docker Hub.text/html2026-03-16T07:04:18+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)KPTree - Home Desktop Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:mswindows_notes&rev=1773644658&do=diff
mswindows windows setup tip notes personal license powertoys
KPTree - Home Desktop Setup
Background
I have Windows on my main desk top machine, it is dual boot with Debian/XFCE. I am using Debian almost exclusively now. The BIOS based dual boot works well, I have it defaulting to Debian. I do not currently have a Windows VM setup on my main server. My 3 sons also have computers with Windows on them. Lastly, I am required to used company Windows machines at work. Hence I like to keep a li…text/html2024-12-07T03:13:35+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Web Server setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:web_server_setup&rev=1733541215&do=diff
linux debian apache apache2 httpd web server php certbot letsencrypt nextcloud cloud vm virtual machine kvm proxy reverse proxy gid uid vipw vigr group id user id
Web Server setup
Basic Web Server setup on VM
I am moving away from Ubuntu to Debian. I find the instruction for here are good to setup a basic web server Digitalocean's LAMP on Debian 11 and Computing for Geeks LAMP on Debian.
Old, tl;dr;
The main reference used is Unixmen - How To Install LAMP Stack On Ubuntu 16.04, for the bas…text/html2023-12-23T13:07:19+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)IPMI CLI Tools
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:ipmi&rev=1703336839&do=diff
linux ipmi ipmitool cli bmc
IPMI CLI Tools
Much copied from Adam Sweet's wiki on IPMI.
What is IPMI?
IPMI is standard which allows remote server management, primarily developed by Intel. IPMI cards, known as Baseboard Management Cards (BMCs) are primitive computers in their own right and are operational all the time, so long as the server has a power source. The server itself does not need to be powered on, or the operating system operational for the BMC to work, it just needs a power source…text/html2025-04-06T07:41:58+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Manjaro Setup Notes
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:manjaro&rev=1743925318&do=diff
linux manjaro arch archlinux vuescan flatpak davfs cups printing print
Manjaro Setup Notes
I tried Manjaro circa 2019 for a couple of years as my main Linux Desktop. I had no major problems with it. An occasional minor problem this nVidia graphic card and some minor issues with updates. Having used Debian / Ubuntu the past 10 years on servers I decided to switch to Debian testing desk top with XFCE. Debian testing basically give a similar level of latest updates as Manjaro/Arch. I have not …text/html2025-10-14T05:59:15+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Router Miscellaneous
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:misc&rev=1760421555&do=diff
linux router monitor links darkstat glances ntopng iftop nethogs
Router Miscellaneous
Monitoring
There are a number of linux monitoring packages available. See these links for more examples see, 13 Linux Performance Monitoring Tools – Part 2, and 30 Linux System Monitoring Tools Every SysAdmin Should Know. Below are a few that I have tried and use.
iftop
iftop - display bandwidth usage on an interface by host
Usetext/html2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)NFTables IP Control
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:nftables_control&rev=1682847793&do=diff
linux nft nftables nmap
NFTables IP Control
I primarily set this feature up to act as a form of parental control on my home internet access.
Disable Range of IP addresses, with count-down timer
The DHCP assigned addresses in the range 100 - 254 were to be disabled (dropped) in the evening. The addresses below 100 were assigned a specific IP address in the DHCP based upon MAC.text/html2025-01-03T00:55:46+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Back-up Server Old Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:back-up_server_old&rev=1735865746&do=diff
linux debian backup lvm filesystem server nfs mount showmount
Back-up Server Old Setup
This has been more difficult than I would have thought. I have used rsnapshot the past couple of years (2020-21), but have never really been happy with it for many reasons. The main reason is that it has never worked well, the rsync is reasonably fast, but the rsnapshot takes far too long. Other problems include; difficulties in set-up, and concerns will reliability. Recently I noticed that Debian no longer …text/html2026-02-15T00:37:24+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker - DNS Server
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-dns&rev=1771115844&do=diff
linux docker dns bind9
Docker - DNS Server
What Is DNS and How Does It Work – A Comprehensive Guide
I have been using Bind9 as my home LAN DNS for the past few years. I originally operated it on bare metal on my home router computer. In mid 2023 I successfully moved my Bind9 primary instance to my main home server in a container and created a slave instance in a container running on my home router computer. I created a Docker Bind9 Image using base Docker Alpine Linux images, with S6 init s…text/html2025-08-10T12:30:03+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)PiKVM
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=tech_notes:pikvm&rev=1754829003&do=diff
linux kvm ipmi pikvm bmc
PiKVM
I purchased a PiKVM kit in 2021, and got it operational at that time. I did not need to use it until recently, 2024-09. Basically a special 'hat' is mounted on a standard Raspberry Pi 4, the smallest memory unit type being sufficient (2 GB). The kit was complete with all the required parts, such as the hat, Raspberry PI, a case, small OLED display and various cables. The PiKVM is V3 HAT with RPi V4 2GB.text/html2026-02-15T00:27:57+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker init Systems
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:init&rev=1771115277&do=diff
alpine linux docker init s6 s6-rc alias
Docker init Systems
There are a number of init systems used on docker containers, many are the defaults that ship with the standard Linux distributions, e.g. systemd which is particularly popular on the larger comprehensive distributions.
tldr;
There is a lot of argument in the init world, SystemD seems to have taken over the init system in mosttext/html2025-01-04T10:36:56+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)ISP IPoE DHCP Setup Notes
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:ipoe&rev=1735987016&do=diff
linux router bridged modem isp ipoe mtu dns dhcp
ISP IPoE DHCP Setup Notes
Notes on Setting up a Linux router for IPoE DHCP.
old, tldr;
After a few years of reasonable successful use of bridged VDSL modem with Linux Router running pppoe and nftables my ISP informed me that they do not use authentication on the connection with username and password. In fact they mention they used dhcp IPoE as well as PPPoE. I set up my spare modem as they described and it worked straight way. When I tried my…text/html2025-02-08T09:11:05+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)KVM Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:kvm&rev=1739005865&do=diff
server kvm virtual command debian machine qemu virsh qcow linux command setup nbd network block device
KVM Setup
I original setup my main server and virual machines all with Ubuntu. However I have started using Debian and find it leaner than Ubuntu. I am slowly moving my various servers and virtual machines to Debian.
* Install And Configure KVM In Ubuntu 20.04 Headless Server
* Installing KVM on Debian 10
* How To Install KVM Hypervisor on Debian 12|11|10
* How to install KVM server on …text/html2025-01-10T03:55:11+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Simlinks
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:symlinks&rev=1736481311&do=diff
simlinks ln linux setup command
Simlinks
A symlink is a soft or hard link to a directory location to another directory location or file. It effectively allows a directory tree (soft link only) to be made for different non-structured directory locations, even across partitions. It allows configuration file control by having current configuration file pointing to different version or use type configuration files, depending on use case.text/html2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)KPTree Torrent VM Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:media_vm_setup&rev=1682847793&do=diff
deluge torrent server openvpn btguard nftables iptables systemd virtual machine linux ubuntu
KPTree Torrent VM Setup
Deluge Headless setup
The main reference used is Havetheknowhow.com, specifically for the deluge headless setup, Havetheknowhow.com - How to install Deluge Headless. The Deluge support page is also a root source of knowledge Deluge systemd. Whatbox Deluge also has some interesting dialog.
If installing on a virtual machine (VM) it is important to also have set up the NFS to al…text/html2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)fsck - file system check
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:disk_check&rev=1682847793&do=diff
linux fsck format partition boot corrupt parted
fsck - file system check
Use fsck to check and repair a file system. The file system must be unmounted when being check and repaired to prevent corruption!
Checking Root File System
The root file system can not be unmounted and checked. Two possible options to check the system are:text/html2025-03-02T05:34:56+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)turn server
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:turnserver&rev=1740893696&do=diff
linux docker turnserver
turn server
From wikipedia; Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) is a protocol that assists in traversal of network address translators (NAT) or firewalls for multimedia applications. It may be used with the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). It is most useful for clients on networks masqueraded by symmetric NAT devices. TURN does not aid in running servers on well known ports in the private network through a NAT; it supports the c…text/html2024-12-15T03:35:46+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)DHCP / DNS Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:dns_dhcp&rev=1734233746&do=diff
linux router dns dhcp bind ip ipv6 radvd host dig nslookup
DHCP / DNS Setup
Outdated
I have moved my DNS and DHCP servers to Docker, Docker-DNS Server. I am still using ISC_Bind9, but am now using ISC_Kea for DHCP as ISC_Bind is no longer supported as of 2022.
tl;dr;
Further to this I am not looking at backups for both these services on my local area network. Whilst these services worked reliably well, when ever I shutdown the the router withtext/html2024-09-22T09:13:38+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)boot tools
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=tech_notes:boot&rev=1726996418&do=diff
linux boot uefi ventoy
boot tools
list drives
* df -h
* sudo fdisk -l
* lsblk flags:
* -f to get more verbose output
* -o to get specific output columns, use -h option to see list of column options
* blkid
* ls -l /dev/disk/by-id, additional list options:text/html2025-12-30T03:42:42+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Python Programming Notes
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=python:subprocess&rev=1767066162&do=diff
Python Programming Notes
Here are my notes from starting to use and learn the python programming language.
I am only focusing on Python 3 at this time.
python subprocess subprocess.run
subprocess module
The subprocess module allows you to spawn new processes, connect to their input/output/error pipes, and obtain their return codes.text/html2025-08-17T00:27:04+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Network Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:network_setup&rev=1755390424&do=diff
network interface netplan nic setup loopback eth ethernet bridge bond networkd linux debian setup command
Network Setup
Most server have more than one network connection although one is technically enough. Routers by definition need to have a minimum of at least 2 network connections.
It would seem that Debian Linux supports multiple methods to define network connections:text/html2023-05-13T02:20:29+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)NUT (Network UPS Tools) Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:nut&rev=1683944429&do=diff
linux debian nut ups server
NUT (Network UPS Tools) Setup
I purchased my current main UPS the Powershield Commander RT PSCRT1100 / Voltronic Power Otima II 1.1K in 2014 and setup NUT about this time, including early conversion to systemd scripts. I notice the Techno Tim Network UPS Tools (NUT) Ultimate Guide late 2022 has a perhaps more modern take on this.text/html2026-04-11T00:19:34+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker - DHCP Kea Server
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-dhcp&rev=1775866774&do=diff
linux docker kea dhcp
Docker - DHCP Kea Server
Since mid 2023 I have been running a Docker ISC Kea Image using base Docker Alpine Linux images, with S6 init system. (ISC Kea is a modern replacement for their DHCP.) The main DHCP server runs on my main server and I have an automatic fall over back up on my separate Linux router. I basically followed the Kea templatetext/html2025-11-09T00:31:16+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker nginx / php notes
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:nginx-php-notes&rev=1762648276&do=diff
linux docker nginx php fast-cgi php-fpm
Docker nginx / php notes
nginx executable
I had some trouble getting nginx with php-fpm to operate. So I tried to get working a simple setup to nut-out the nuances. I got it working using php-fpm socket with Apline Linux on 2 Docker instances, one running Nginx and the other php-fpm.text/html2024-06-23T01:11:37+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Basic Netfilter Function Block Diagram
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:netfilter&rev=1719105097&do=diff
linux router mtu netfilter
Basic Netfilter Function Block Diagram
Both NFTables and IPTables use the Netfilter framework provided in the Linux kernal. NFtables was implemented to supersede IPTables, which due to the widespread use of IPTables, will probably take a long time.
The following is a basic block diagram of the Netfilter Filter and NAT (Network Address Translation) functions, which are the basic requirements for router.
Incoming
Packets
|
┌────────────…text/html2025-11-30T10:55:19+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Debian Server Network Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:network&rev=1764500119&do=diff
linux debian ubuntu router network netplan interface vlan ipv6 ip
Debian Server Network Setup
Debian Network - Server Interface Setup
As of Debian 10 (Buster) Debian still by default uses this interface Setup. It can be setup to use netplan inface.
Ubuntu (as of version 14.04) defaults to Predictable Network Interface Names, also see Systemd Docs. I have no problem with this. In any case, you should always check dev names and not assume names, such astext/html2025-05-24T13:09:25+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Wireguard VPN access from WAN to LAN
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:wireguard&rev=1748092165&do=diff
linux router vpn wireguard docker qr_code qr
Wireguard VPN access from WAN to LAN
I use a Docker instance for my Wireguard server now.
I use 2 forms of vpn (virtual private network) on my home server.
* VPN to gain remote secure private access to my home LAN from the WAN (internet). This is the one I am describing here.text/html2024-03-09T02:45:50+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)ssh with key files
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=tech_notes:ssh&rev=1709952350&do=diff
linux ssh ssh-keygen
ssh with key files
The advantages of using SSH key-based include:
* Improved security
* Easier access to ssh (if password keys are not used)
Clearly use of unique password encrypted keys gives best security. However if a user has access to you terminal and user password they effectively have full system access anyway.text/html2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Calibre Server
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:calibre_server&rev=1682847793&do=diff
linux calibre server ebook
Calibre Server
Calibre is a comprehensive book library package.
I had the server running on my Ubuntu 14.04 system about 5 years ago. From memory the Calibre web interface was a bit unpolished, however some of my phone apps could access the library for easier book access.text/html2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)samba
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:samba&rev=1682847793&do=diff
linux samba
samba
I have not look at samba much since I first attempted to set up my home sever circa 2011 on Fedora before I moved to Ubuntu. I stopped using Fedora as I had noob pain with Selinux, coupled with the short service life of Fedora, so I moved to Ubuntu, where I had a lot more success.text/html2023-11-19T02:47:59+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)SWAP Files
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:swap&rev=1700362079&do=diff
linux debian swap setup disable enable configure partition fstab
SWAP Files
As I have a computer with enough memory I see no need or value in a SWAP partition. In fact as I am using a SSD for the system drive a SWAP is a concern to the reliability of his drive. The following is a list of method to check and disable SWAP function.text/html2025-11-14T14:12:45+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)ntp
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:ntp&rev=1763129565&do=diff
ntp
I remember looking at this circa 2016 - 2021 and letting go at that time, crony had just been released and systemd was still relatively new at that time.
systemd commands
* sudo systemctl status systemd-timesyncd
* The default configuration is shown intext/html2024-03-24T08:01:21+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)KPTree - Email Server Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:email_server&rev=1711267281&do=diff
linux mail server email postfix dovecot emailserver debian ubuntu horde postfixadmin admin clamav apache roundcube webmail certbot certificate
KPTree - Email Server Setup
Email Server Notes
Setting up the email server on my home server was probably the most difficult task. Email server setup is intricate, risky and involves significant commitment and effort to setup reliably and maintain.text/html2025-03-02T07:31:20+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)NFTables Configuration
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:nftables&rev=1740900680&do=diff
linux router nftables firewall
NFTables Configuration
The best reference for nftables is at the dedicated wiki wiki nftables. Some other references I found nftables router. The reference at stosb is good, but not for a router Explaining My Configs: nftables. Nftables Cheatsheet
After a lot of experimenting the following is my NFTables router configuration file. Create the following file called:text/html2024-09-21T12:10:33+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)ISP PPPoE Network Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:ppp&rev=1726920633&do=diff
linux router pppoe pppoed isp mtu dns dhcp
ISP PPPoE Network Setup
A reasonably comprehensive discussion on Ubuntu forums Setup Ubuntu Server as a router using a PPPoE connection, MTU and TCP MSS when using PPPoE. Also from Ubuntu forums How to Optimize your Internet Connection using MTU and RWIN. Ubuntu documentation ADSLPPPoE. PPPD manual page.
Another reference is Confirm Blog Using PPPoE on Linux.
Some other references:
* Connecting to NBN HFC with a linux router] Internode router set…text/html2024-06-23T00:14:23+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)TC - Traffic Control
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:tc&rev=1719101663&do=diff
linux router tc traffic control
TC - Traffic Control
The Linux kernel's network stack has network traffic control and shaping features. The iproute2 package installs the tc command to control these via the command line.
Queuing controls how data is sent; receiving data is much more reactive with fewer network-oriented controls. However, since TCP/IP packets are sent using a slow start the system starts sending the packets slow and keeps sending them faster and faster until packets start getti…text/html2026-01-31T11:03:52+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Wifi Router / Access Points
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:wifi&rev=1769857432&do=diff
linux router wifi wifi_router access_point
Wifi Router / Access Points
I prefer to run higher quality wifi access points (AP) than the all in one type routers. My current router is X86 based running Linux Nftables on bare metal and Bind9 and Kea as well as some other services in Docker on a VM.text/html2025-02-23T05:29:59+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Shell Builtin Commands
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=tech_notes:builtin&rev=1740288599&do=diff
shell builtin commands sh ash bash
Shell Builtin Commands
I just spent half a day trying to get alias working in a script to no avail. Alias is normally, if not always a so call builtin command.
I have been attempting to use / learn Alpine Linux which defaults to sh/ash shell mostly builtin into Busybox. Unfortunately the bulk of shell documentation the web is based upon bash shell which is not suitable / outright incorrect with the nuances of sh/ash with busybox. Interestingly I found this …text/html2026-03-22T01:59:49+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Linux CLI Commands
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=tech_notes:linux_commands&rev=1774144789&do=diff
cli commands
Linux CLI Commands
Various Linux CLI (Command Line Interface) Commands with examples and grouped by type
File System
Find specific file types
* Using ls:
* ls -lhaF | grep ^l # list links
* ls -lhaF | grep ^d # list directories
* ls -lhaF | grep ^-text/html2025-05-20T04:48:08+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)VNC Server
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:vnc_setup&rev=1747716488&do=diff
linux server debian vnc setup vncserver tigervnc gnome xfce
VNC Server
This section is a bit of a mess and needs a clean up.....
I want a simple server GUI VNC system. Sadly most the instructions on the net do not seem to meet my needs.
* Install a GUI
* A light desktop system, e.g. xfce
* The x11 windows manager systemtext/html2025-09-29T01:53:10+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Linux Firmware Notes
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:firmware&rev=1759110790&do=diff
linux debian firmware linux_firmware non-free-firmware aspeed realtek
Linux Firmware Notes
Some issues with non-free firmware blobs on Debian
ASpeed Technologies
The sudo dmseg command shows the warning Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/ast_dp501_fw.bin for module ast. This relates to the ASpeed BMS VGA graphics microcode. The simple solution seems to be be to install the non-free microcode blob usingtext/html2026-03-05T13:20:52+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)snapraid
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:snapraid&rev=1772716852&do=diff
snapraid linux
snapraid
I have been using snapraid since circa 2015 for my main first past redundancy. I have a second home server used as a backup server that weekly backs up using restic.
The main snapraid commands I use are:
sudo snapraid sync to sync the files that have changes since last sync. I usually do this weekly, manually.text/html2023-05-28T01:17:15+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Time Date Related Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:timedate&rev=1685236635&do=diff
linux debian chrony ntp time date timedatectl timezone timezones
Time Date Related Setup
Setup NTP server
The NTP server setup is quite simple, I used the reference from Using chrony on Ubuntu 18.04. I replace the pool servers with my local ones, sudo vim /etc/ntp.conf.
Some NTP tips:
* To install: sudo apt install ntp ntpdate
* To edit main configuration file:text/html2024-12-06T11:35:56+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker - diun & ntfy
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:diun-ntfy&rev=1733484956&do=diff
linux docker diun ntfy
Docker - diun & ntfy
ntfy is a notification application and server frame work. It has an iOS client and can also use standard web page and Andiod app. I originally considered gotify however there is not iOS application for this notification system, which basically makes it of less value for me.text/html2024-09-11T09:27:42+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Calibre
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-calibre&rev=1726046862&do=diff
linux docker calibre
Calibre
Calibre
This Docker container is based linuxserver/calibre, Docker hub linuxserver/calibre, Calibre ebook management
The image is based upon current Ubuntu Long term release.
Calibre docker-compose.yml
services:
calibre:
image: lscr.io/linuxserver/calibre:latest
container_name: calibre
security_opt:
- seccomp:unconfined #optional
environment:
- PUID=1000
- PGID=1000
- TZ=Australia/Perth
- PASSWORD= #optional
…text/html2026-04-14T13:03:49+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Docker-Compose
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-compose&rev=1776171829&do=diff
linux docker compose docker-compose docker_compose container network
Docker-Compose
* Docker Docs Compose specification, The Compose Specification
Some commands:
* docker-compose pull, it would seem this is required to ensure the latest image(s) is downloaded
* docker-compose up -d --build --force-recreate
* -d run as deamon (in background)
* --build on required if the compose includes building an imagetext/html2025-06-11T10:02:50+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Homepage dashboard
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:docker-homepage&rev=1749636170&do=diff
homepage dashboard heimdall postges postgesql
Homepage dashboard
A home page is basically a webpage that provides a summary of your system and also has links to launch web applications and bookmarks. It may also have other utility information, such as system configuration and status, time, calendar, etc.text/html2025-01-05T03:25:59+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)File Sharing
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:fileshare&rev=1736047559&do=diff
linux docker file_sharing share sharing syncthing privatebin
File Sharing
All the applications have pro and cons. This is listed at the beginning of each header.
There have been considered 3 different levels of access as described by the applications used:
* Nextcloud - a full privately hosted publicly accessible file shareing application, with many additional featurestext/html2024-12-28T03:23:56+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Private LAN VPN Access
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=docker_notes:vpn&rev=1735356236&do=diff
linux docker wireguard openvpn
Private LAN VPN Access
The scope here concerns use of VPN (Virtual Private Network) to gain secure access from the public network to a local private network. It relates to private secure access and use from the public network. It does not consider public VPNs setup for public use.text/html2025-09-20T09:35:01+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Router Hardware
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:hardware&rev=1758360901&do=diff
linux router hardware
Router Hardware
ikoolcore-r2-max
(Dec 2024) The Supermicro SYS-E200-9B has stopped working. It posts bios, but will not boot further. I suspect hardware failure of some sort. The BMC failed a few years ago. I have ordered a replacement ikoolcore-r2-max. The replacement comes with 2.5Gb/s and 10GB/s NICs and a more modern and faster 8 coretext/html2025-03-08T09:28:50+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Router VM
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=linux_router:qemu&rev=1741426130&do=diff
linux router vm
Router VM
I have just decided to play with installing VM (virtual machines) on my Router hardware (2023-01). I have been reluctant to do this for a number of reasons. My separate listing for Router Hardware. Basically the machine is a bit old slow and under powered, but still adequate for what it does. I do not run a desktop on this machine, CLI (Command Line Interface only). The main services I am currently running on this machine are, all bare metal:text/html2025-01-18T13:48:17+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Network Speed testing
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=tech_notes:iperf&rev=1737208097&do=diff
linux network testing speed
speed speed test testing tech notes technical
Network Speed testing
Use the iperf3 command to test network speeds.
* iperf3 -s to start in server mode
* iperf3 -c 192.168.1.10 -t 20 to test server on ip address 192.168.1.10 for 20 tries.
* iperf3 -c 192.168.1.1 -t7 -b 2.5G -u 6001
* iperf3 -c 192.168.1.1 -t7 -R -b 2.5G -u 6001text/html2025-11-14T08:19:08+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Programs & Applications
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=tech_notes:programs&rev=1763108348&do=diff
programs applications pipx flatpak
Programs & Applications
dpkg -l
dpkg -l lists all the installed programs on a Debian apt based system. There are too many to list all and many are built in system commands.
Below are some that I highlight for interest and future reference to easily find on reinstall.text/html2025-03-03T02:09:03+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Web Browser Notes
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=tech_notes:web_browsers&rev=1740967743&do=diff
web browser config
Web Browser Notes
The purpose of reloading web page(s) and bypass the cache is to get a fresh copy of possibly outdated or corrupted files currently stored in the disk cache. You can do this as the first attempt if a normal reload doesn't seem to be giving an up to date version of a website or if you otherwise experience issues with a website.
We usually advice this in case of issues:text/html2025-09-29T01:46:34+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)My Home IT Setup
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:home_it_setup&rev=1759110394&do=diff
havetheknowhow snapraid opensprinkler personal background setup home server linux command
My Home IT Setup
Hardware - I have censored this for the time being....
A special mention goes to the Opensprinkler sprinkler controller, that is probably the best network interfaced sprinkler controller available, both for home and some commercial use. See separate section on my home sprinkler setuptext/html2026-02-03T11:50:32+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Linux Block Device Notes
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:disk&rev=1770119432&do=diff
linux debian nfs parted fstab format partion disk mount umount fstab unmount
Linux Block Device Notes
Linux Disk Partition and Format Notes
Some basic tools
* ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/ will list the disks with UUIDs
* lsblk to list partitions (or list block devices)
* lsblk -f or blkid to list the UUIDs
* sudo blkid will list data blockstext/html2025-01-03T09:33:51+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)XFCE
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:docker&rev=1735896831&do=diff
linux xfce
XFCE
XFCE Plugins
Many XFCE plugins are available via menu: setting : panel : items, from here panel items can be added and removed and configured.
To see available XFCE4 packages in the Debian repository sudo apt-cache search xfce4*.
XFCE Keystrokestext/html2023-12-26T03:30:46+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)logrotate
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:logrotate&rev=1703561446&do=diff
linux debian log rotate logrotate cron crontab
logrotate
There are a number of ways to rotate logs.
* Using a script and cron (or systemd.timer)
* Using logrotate
Logrotate using script
edit the sudo crontab sudo crontab -e:
Example of job definition:
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# | .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tu…text/html2023-04-30T09:43:13+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)tmux
https://wiki.kptree.net/doku.php?id=home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:tmux&rev=1682847793&do=diff
linux terminal tmux kitty ssh
tmux
tmux is a terminal multiplexer. It lets you switch easily between several programs in one terminal, detach them (they keep running in the background) and reattach them to a different terminal. tmux
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terminals
kitty
The fast, feature-rich, GPU based terminal emulator