https://wiki.kptree.net/ 2026-09-19T15:44:28+00:00 https://wiki.kptree.net/ https://wiki.kptree.net/_media/wiki:dokuwiki.svg text/html 2022-02-12T09:44:43+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:conky?rev=1644659083&do=diff conkey linux debian manjaro setup monitor Conky Conky is a Linux system monitor tool using X Windows. Conky is highly configurable and is able to monitor many system variables including the status of the CPU, memory, swap space, disk storage, temperatures, processes, network interfaces, battery power, system messages, e-mail in-boxes Linux updates, runs many popular music players, and much more. Unlike system monitors that use high-level widget tool-kits to render their information, Conky i… text/html 2026-01-17T01:03:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker?rev=1768611790&do=diff linux docker cli installation network volume iptables nftables portainer Docker Docker is a set of platform as a service (PaaS) products that use OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called _containers_. The service has both free and premium tiers. The software that hosts the containers is called Docker Engine text/html 2026-08-23T11:41:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-mailserver?rev=1787485304&do=diff linux docker mail mailserver alpine dovecot postfix sqlite s6 s6-rc Docker mailserver This mailserver setup follows Workaround's SPmail guide for Debian 13 “Trixie”. Key changes are that instead of installing on Debian 13 virtual machine1, with a Maria mysql database2, this setup is for installation on latest Alpine linux Docker image with s6-rc init using maria database. I toyed with sqlite and basically got it functional, however the support apps do not function with sqlite, so I went back… text/html 2025-01-04T10:36:56+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:ipoe?rev=1735987016&do=diff linux router bridged modem isp ipoe mtu dns dhcp ISP IPoE DHCP Setup Notes Notes on Setting up a Linux router for IPoE DHCP. old, tldr; After a few years of reasonable successful use of bridged VDSL modem with Linux Router running pppoe and nftables my ISP informed me that they do not use authentication on the connection with username and password. In fact they mention they used dhcp IPoE as well as PPPoE. I set up my spare modem as they described and it worked straight way. When I tried my… text/html 2023-12-23T13:07:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:ipmi?rev=1703336839&do=diff linux ipmi ipmitool cli bmc IPMI CLI Tools Much copied from Adam Sweet's wiki on IPMI. What is IPMI? IPMI is standard which allows remote server management, primarily developed by Intel. IPMI cards, known as Baseboard Management Cards (BMCs) are primitive computers in their own right and are operational all the time, so long as the server has a power source. The server itself does not need to be powered on, or the operating system operational for the BMC to work, it just needs a power source… text/html 2026-05-04T05:34:54+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:mswindows_notes?rev=1777872894&do=diff mswindows windows setup tip notes personal license powertoys KPTree - Home Desktop Setup Background I have Windows on my main desk top machine, it is dual boot with Debian/XFCE. I am using Debian almost exclusively now. The BIOS based dual boot works well, I have it defaulting to Debian. I do not currently have a Windows VM setup on my main server. My 3 sons also have computers with Windows on them. Lastly, I am required to used company Windows machines at work. Hence I like to keep a li… text/html 2024-03-13T13:19:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/tech_notes:ansible?rev=1710335941&do=diff linux ansible ansible * sudo apt install sshpass The sshpass package must be installed. * Create a file ansible.cfg in your current folder with the following contents: [defaults] host_key_checking = false * create password less login to remote machines * ssh-keygen text/html 2025-03-02T07:31:20+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:nftables?rev=1740900680&do=diff linux router nftables firewall NFTables Configuration The best reference for nftables is at the dedicated wiki wiki nftables. Some other references I found nftables router. The reference at stosb is good, but not for a router Explaining My Configs: nftables. Nftables Cheatsheet After a lot of experimenting the following is my NFTables router configuration file. Create the following file called: text/html 2025-04-06T07:41:58+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:manjaro?rev=1743925318&do=diff linux manjaro arch archlinux vuescan flatpak davfs cups printing print Manjaro Setup Notes I tried Manjaro circa 2019 for a couple of years as my main Linux Desktop. I had no major problems with it. An occasional minor problem this nVidia graphic card and some minor issues with updates. Having used Debian / Ubuntu the past 10 years on servers I decided to switch to Debian testing desk top with XFCE. Debian testing basically give a similar level of latest updates as Manjaro/Arch. I have not … text/html 2024-12-15T03:35:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:dns_dhcp?rev=1734233746&do=diff linux router dns dhcp bind ip ipv6 radvd host dig nslookup DHCP / DNS Setup Outdated I have moved my DNS and DHCP servers to Docker, Docker-DNS Server. I am still using ISC_Bind9, but am now using ISC_Kea for DHCP as ISC_Bind is no longer supported as of 2022. tl;dr; Further to this I am not looking at backups for both these services on my local area network. Whilst these services worked reliably well, when ever I shutdown the the router with text/html 2025-01-03T00:55:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:back-up_server_old?rev=1735865746&do=diff linux debian backup lvm filesystem server nfs mount showmount Back-up Server Old Setup This has been more difficult than I would have thought. I have used rsnapshot the past couple of years (2020-21), but have never really been happy with it for many reasons. The main reason is that it has never worked well, the rsync is reasonably fast, but the rsnapshot takes far too long. Other problems include; difficulties in set-up, and concerns will reliability. Recently I noticed that Debian no longer … text/html 2025-11-14T14:12:45+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:ntp?rev=1763129565&do=diff ntp I remember looking at this circa 2016 - 2021 and letting go at that time, crony had just been released and systemd was still relatively new at that time. systemd commands * sudo systemctl status systemd-timesyncd * The default configuration is shown in text/html 2024-12-07T03:13:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:web_server_setup?rev=1733541215&do=diff linux debian apache apache2 httpd web server php certbot letsencrypt nextcloud cloud vm virtual machine kvm proxy reverse proxy gid uid vipw vigr group id user id Web Server setup Basic Web Server setup on VM I am moving away from Ubuntu to Debian. I find the instruction for here are good to setup a basic web server Digitalocean's LAMP on Debian 11 and Computing for Geeks LAMP on Debian. Old, tl;dr; The main reference used is Unixmen - How To Install LAMP Stack On Ubuntu 16.04, for the bas… text/html 2025-01-03T09:33:51+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:docker?rev=1735896831&do=diff linux xfce XFCE XFCE Plugins Many XFCE plugins are available via menu: setting : panel : items, from here panel items can be added and removed and configured. To see available XFCE4 packages in the Debian repository sudo apt-cache search xfce4*. XFCE Keystrokes text/html 2025-10-14T05:59:15+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:misc?rev=1760421555&do=diff linux router monitor links darkstat glances ntopng iftop nethogs Router Miscellaneous Monitoring There are a number of linux monitoring packages available. See these links for more examples see, 13 Linux Performance Monitoring Tools – Part 2, and 30 Linux System Monitoring Tools Every SysAdmin Should Know. Below are a few that I have tried and use. iftop iftop - display bandwidth usage on an interface by host Use text/html 2024-08-24T08:27:38+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/project:sprinklers?rev=1724488058&do=diff sprinkler inductor controller solenoid valve solenoid_valve Sprinkler Solenoid 24VAC Woes See my Home Sprinkler notes I have had many problems with my sprinkler system; decrepit failing 30 year old underground wiring, failing solenoid valves and their solenoids. Some of the old solenoid valves were replaced as they had mechanically failed. The multiple issues made it vary difficult to diagnose what was happening at any time. text/html 2026-08-23T11:32:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-nextcloud?rev=1787484737&do=diff linux docker nextcloud mysql mariadb Nextcloud Container Nextcloud publishes their own Docker container of Nextcloud. The Nextcloud image on Docker hub is maintained by the Nextcloud community, and is not officially supported by Nextcloud! Linuxserver.io, as well as some others also have Nextcloud containers on Docker Hub. text/html 2025-03-02T05:34:56+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:turnserver?rev=1740893696&do=diff linux docker turnserver turn server From wikipedia; Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) is a protocol that assists in traversal of network address translators (NAT) or firewalls for multimedia applications. It may be used with the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). It is most useful for clients on networks masqueraded by symmetric NAT devices. TURN does not aid in running servers on well known ports in the private network through a NAT; it supports the c… text/html 2025-05-24T13:09:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:wireguard?rev=1748092165&do=diff linux router vpn wireguard docker qr_code qr Wireguard VPN access from WAN to LAN I use a Docker instance for my Wireguard server now. I use 2 forms of vpn (virtual private network) on my home server. * VPN to gain remote secure private access to my home LAN from the WAN (internet). This is the one I am describing here. text/html 2023-12-26T03:36:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:apt?rev=1703561777&do=diff linux debian package apt apt-get update upgrade distribution apt package management I recently had a sudo apt upgrade error along the lines of: mariadb-server : Depends: mariadb-server-10.3 (>= 1:10.3.25-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) but 1:10.3.23+maria~bionic is installed Basically the apt / dpkg package manger got confused with the old distribution installation. I suspect this only happen as I updated the distribution from Ubuntu 18.04 to 20.04. Basically the text/html 2025-02-08T09:11:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:kvm?rev=1739005865&do=diff server kvm virtual command debian machine qemu virsh qcow linux command setup nbd network block device KVM Setup I original setup my main server and virual machines all with Ubuntu. However I have started using Debian and find it leaner than Ubuntu. I am slowly moving my various servers and virtual machines to Debian. * Install And Configure KVM In Ubuntu 20.04 Headless Server * Installing KVM on Debian 10 * How To Install KVM Hypervisor on Debian 12|11|10 * How to install KVM server on … text/html 2025-12-28T13:38:20+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/project:ethernet?rev=1766929100&do=diff ethernet rj45 utp stp Ethernet Twisted Pair Cables Cable Types Cable Type Shielding Description Use Case UTP None text/html 2026-04-11T00:19:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-dhcp?rev=1775866774&do=diff linux docker kea dhcp Docker - DHCP Kea Server Since mid 2023 I have been running a Docker ISC Kea Image using base Docker Alpine Linux images, with S6 init system. (ISC Kea is a modern replacement for their DHCP.) The main DHCP server runs on my main server and I have an automatic fall over back up on my separate Linux router. I basically followed the Kea template text/html 2026-09-05T02:45:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-compose?rev=1788576313&do=diff linux docker compose docker-compose docker_compose container network Docker-Compose * Docker Docs Compose specification, The Compose Specification Some commands: * docker-compose pull, it would seem this is required to ensure the latest image(s) is downloaded * docker-compose up -d --build --force-recreate * -d run as deamon (in background) * --build on required if the compose includes building an image text/html 2025-08-17T00:27:04+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:network_setup?rev=1755390424&do=diff network interface netplan nic setup loopback eth ethernet bridge bond networkd linux debian setup command Network Setup Most server have more than one network connection although one is technically enough. Routers by definition need to have a minimum of at least 2 network connections. It would seem that Debian Linux supports multiple methods to define network connections: text/html 2025-11-22T03:58:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:bash?rev=1763783897&do=diff linux bash alias tar bash_aliases configure configuration bashrc command script bashrc history sudo visudo dimmer ps kill nightmode xrandr tar archive default_editor editor BASH Customisation The standard BASH colour configuration uses a blue colour for listing directories (ls) which is difficult to read on a black background. While this is the “standard colour”, due to the impracticality I have decided to change it. text/html 2025-03-08T09:28:50+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:qemu?rev=1741426130&do=diff linux router vm Router VM I have just decided to play with installing VM (virtual machines) on my Router hardware (2023-01). I have been reluctant to do this for a number of reasons. My separate listing for Router Hardware. Basically the machine is a bit old slow and under powered, but still adequate for what it does. I do not run a desktop on this machine, CLI (Command Line Interface only). The main services I am currently running on this machine are, all bare metal: text/html 2025-05-20T04:48:08+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:vnc_setup?rev=1747716488&do=diff linux server debian vnc setup vncserver tigervnc gnome xfce VNC Server This section is a bit of a mess and needs a clean up..... I want a simple server GUI VNC system. Sadly most the instructions on the net do not seem to meet my needs. * Install a GUI * A light desktop system, e.g. xfce * The x11 windows manager system text/html 2025-07-05T10:36:50+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:vnc?rev=1751711810&do=diff linux docker vnc guacamole VNC I set up Guacamole using Install Guacamole on Docker – VNC, SSH, SFTP, and RDP like a Boss!. * <ctrl><shift<alt> keystroke in a Guacamole session opens and closes the Guacamole control panel. My docker-compose.yml --- services: # MariaDB - MySQL Database mariadb: container_name: guac_db image: linuxserver/mariadb:latest restart: always networks: # - proxy - guac security_opt: - no-new-privileges:true # ports: # … text/html 2026-07-05T05:36:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:docker-deluge?rev=1783229765&do=diff linux docker image container openvpn docker_compose wireguard macvlan nftables Docker Deluge Image / Service I want a torrent service that uses a VPN and is set-up to block non VPN WAN (internet) access. On my virtual machine implementation of this I used the following 3 packages: deluge (deluged with deluge-web), openvpn and nftables. I have used both iptables and nftables and find nftables is definitely more elegant to use. As far as I can tell there is not a Docker image that will meet m… text/html 2026-02-03T11:50:32+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:disk?rev=1770119432&do=diff linux debian nfs parted fstab format partion disk mount umount fstab unmount Linux Block Device Notes Linux Disk Partition and Format Notes Some basic tools * ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/ will list the disks with UUIDs * lsblk to list partitions (or list block devices) * lsblk -f or blkid to list the UUIDs * sudo blkid will list data blocks text/html 2024-12-28T03:23:56+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:vpn?rev=1735356236&do=diff linux docker wireguard openvpn Private LAN VPN Access The scope here concerns use of VPN (Virtual Private Network) to gain secure access from the public network to a local private network. It relates to private secure access and use from the public network. It does not consider public VPNs setup for public use. text/html 2025-05-22T08:07:33+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:ubuntu?rev=1747901253&do=diff linux router router_configuration setup debian ubuntu snap snaps switch network Router Configuration, Switch & Server Setup Router Configuration [DRAFT] A router performs the following key features: * A gateway between different network areas * Restrict network traffic * Forward Network traffic * Track network traffic, allows traffic incoming only if response to out going (one way traffic) This is primary firewall action and primary security action! This is often confused with NAT… text/html 2024-05-18T05:11:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/tech_notes:ascii?rev=1716009085&do=diff ascii code ASCII Four Column ASCII 00 01 10 11 00000 NUL Spc @ ` 00001 SOH ! A a 00010 STX “ B b 00011 ETX # C c 00100 EOT $ D d 00101 ENQ % E e 00110 ACK & F f 00111 BEL ' G g 01000 BS ( H h 01001 TAB ) I i 01010 LF * J j 01011 VT + K k 01100 FF , L text/html 2025-11-09T00:31:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/docker_notes:nginx-php-notes?rev=1762648276&do=diff linux docker nginx php fast-cgi php-fpm Docker nginx / php notes nginx executable I had some trouble getting nginx with php-fpm to operate. So I tried to get working a simple setup to nut-out the nuances. I got it working using php-fpm socket with Apline Linux on 2 Docker instances, one running Nginx and the other php-fpm. text/html 2024-12-15T02:31:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/linux_router:iptables?rev=1734229861&do=diff linux router firewall iptables IPTables Configuration Having delved into IPtables and NFtables about the same time, my feelings are that NFTables is generally superior in just about every way, I can not be bothered explaining this, this is just my experience and feeling. I would preferentially use NFTables over IPtables where I have a choice. Unfortunately some software still uses IPtables, e.g. Docker. So it is good to be able to be sufficiently fluent and be able to work in both at this … text/html 2022-09-05T07:00:54+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:samba?rev=1662361254&do=diff linux samba samba I have not look at samba much since I first attempted to set up my home sever circa 2011 on Fedora before I moved to Ubuntu. I stopped using Fedora as I had noob pain with Selinux, coupled with the short service life of Fedora, so I moved to Ubuntu, where I had a lot more success. text/html 2023-05-13T02:20:29+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://wiki.kptree.net/home_server:home_server_setup:other_services:nut?rev=1683944429&do=diff linux debian nut ups server NUT (Network UPS Tools) Setup I purchased my current main UPS the Powershield Commander RT PSCRT1100 / Voltronic Power Otima II 1.1K in 2014 and setup NUT about this time, including early conversion to systemd scripts. I notice the Techno Tim Network UPS Tools (NUT) Ultimate Guide late 2022 has a perhaps more modern take on this.