{{tag>linux debian nfs parted fstab format partion disk mount umount fstab unmount}}
=======Linux Block Device Notes======

=====Linux Disk Partition and Format Notes =====

====Some basic tools====
  *''ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/'' will list the disks with UUIDs
  *''lsblk''  to list partitions (or list block devices)
  *''lsblk -f'' or ''blkid''  to list the UUIDs
  *''sudo blkid'' will list data blocks

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====parted====
==There would seem to be a number of partition tools for Linux CLI.==
  *''sudo parted -l''  - to see all available partition information
  *''sudo parted /dev/sda'' - to partition the specific drive
When in parted:
  *''print'' to see current partition information
  *''mkpart help'' to list option
  *''mklabel gpt'' to give drive label gpt
  *''mkpart help mkpart'' to list specific help items on mkpart
  *''mkpart primary ext4 0% 100%'' to make a partition that take the full optimised drive area
  *''rm 1'' to remove partition 1

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====Format====
''sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1'' - to format the drive

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====Fstab====
''sudo vim /etc/fstab'' -to edit the boot  disk mount table, remember to make matching mount point directories

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====mount====

===Local Device===
**mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /run/media/diska**

===NFS Device===

To mount a NFS manually: 
  *''sudo mount -t nfs -o rw,vers=4 192.168.1.5:/export/Disk1 /mnt/backup1''
  *''sudo mount -t nfs -o rw,vers=4 192.168.1.5:/export/Disk2 /mnt/backup2''

Where:
  * ''-t nfs'' : type nfs
  * ''-o'' : options, options are separated by commas with no spaces
    * ''rw'' : read / write
    * ''vers=4'' : version 4 of nfs
  * ''192.168.1.5:/export/Disk1'' is the remote exported NFS mount point
  * ''/mnt/backup1'' : is the local mount point, note this directory must exist, ideally empty, any existing contents are usually invisible and otherwise ignored

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====unmount====
''sudo umount /run/media/diska''


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====mount at boot====
''sudo vim /etc/fstab''

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=====Block Device Monitoring and Control=====
My main server has a parity disk that is normally only is used once a week.  I would like to place this hard disk in to stand-by to reduce power and wear and tear upon it.

====smartmon====
  * ''sudo smartctl -i -n standby /dev/sdb''  will chack the HD activity mode.  It does this without starting up the drive, which hdparm may do.
    * If in standby mode it reports back only: "Device is in STANDBY mode, exit(2)" otherwise
    * ++ active or idel mode|
<code>smartctl 7.4 2023-08-01 r5530 [x86_64-linux-6.12.41+deb13-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-23, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Red Plus
Device Model:     WDC WD100EFAX-68LHPN0
Serial Number:    xxxxxx
LU WWN Device Id: xxxxxxxxx
Firmware Version: 83.H0A83
User Capacity:    10,000,831,348,736 bytes [10.0 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Form Factor:      3.5 inches
Device is:        In smartctl database 7.3/5804
ATA Version is:   ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Sun Sep 14 11:21:22 2025 AWST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
Power mode is:    ACTIVE or IDLE</code>
++

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====hdparm====
  *''sudo hdparm -y /dev/sdb'' sets the HD into standby mode

To for the HD into standby mode after reboot and set the standby time crate and use an on boot systemd service.
++++/etc/systemd/system/hdparm.service|
<code bash>[Unit]
Description=hdparm sleep

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/hdparm -q -S 120 -y /dev/sdb

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target</code>
++++
Some tips:
  *use ''whereis hdparm'' to confirm where the command is installed.
  *use ''sudo apt install hdparm'' to install if required
  *use ''sudo systemctl daemon-reload'' after modifying or creating a new systemd service to update systemd configuration
  *use ''sudo systemctl status hdparm.service'' to see status of service and enable if required.
====idle3-tools====
[[https://idle3-tools.sourceforge.net/|idle3-tools]] provides a linux/unix utility that can disable, get and set the value of the infamous idle3 timer found on recent Western Digital Hard Disk Drives.
  *[[https://man.archlinux.org/man/idle3ctl.8|IDLE3CTL(8)]] man page from Archlinux

====References====
  *[[https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-partition-and-format-storage-devices-in-linux|How To Partition and Format Storage Devices in Linux]]

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